DATASETS

Simulated Future Climates for Ethiopia Using MIT-IGSM HFDs Based on CMIP5

The dataset consists of high-resolution climate projections spanning 50 years, capturing spatial and temporal variations in temperature, precipitation, and extreme weather events. These climate inputs were combined with agricultural models to simulate the frequency, intensity, and impact of weather events on the yields of key crops, such as maize, in Ethiopia. It integrates hybrid frequency distributions (HFDs) from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Integrated Global Systems Model (MIT-IGSM) with detrended gridded historical climates from Princeton Global Forcings. Using a Gaussian quadrature routine, 455 representative climate scenarios were selected for Ethiopia under each emissions scenario (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5). This comprehensive dataset provides critical insights into the risks posed by climate change to food security and serves as a valuable resource for researchers and policymakers aiming to develop adaptive strategies for sustainable agriculture.

SPIR II Group Problem Management Plus (gPM+) Baseline Survey in Tigray, Ethiopia

This study's objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of a low-cost psychotherapy intervention, group Problem Management Plus (gPM+), in improving mental health, child development, and related outcomes among rural Ethiopian households. gPM+ was delivered in separate arms by government-employed Health Extension Workers (HEWs) or stipended Local Facilitators (LFs) engaged by an NGO. Participants were drawn from the Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) in Tigray, targeting individuals aged 18–64 years who showed signs of moderate to moderately severe depression. Villages across four districts were randomized into three arms: control, gPM+ delivered by HEWs, and gPM+ delivered by LFs. The study will be evaluated through a baseline, one-month and 12 month follow-up surveys. The data included here is from the screening and baseline surveys. The screening survey was conducted on 16,872 households to identify eligible individuals for the study, immediately followed by a baseline survey on the 3,744 households with an eligible respondent. The baseline survey collects information on household and individual characteristics including mental health, economic activities, and social behaviors. The data is organized by survey modules, screening modules include modules SA and SB, baseline modules include modules A-K. Module Z is last module on interview status filled out for all households that were screened.

Strengthen PSNP Institutions and Resilience Phase II (SPIR II), Ethiopia: Group Problem Management Plus (g-PM+) Pilot, Follow-up 2

IFPRI, in collaboration with World Vision (WV) and implementation partners, evaluated the impact of a psychotherapy intervention, group Problem Management plus (gPM+), with and without a one-time lump sum cash transfer. The study is an interventional study using a cluster randomized control trial (cRCT) design that occurred in 70 kebeles across the regions of Oromia and Amhara. The evaluation includes a screening survey to assess eligible men and women; a baseline survey conducted before implementing the gPM+ or cash transfer intervention (June-July 2022); an endline survey conducted on the same individuals right after the interventions (September 2022-October 2022); and a one-year post-intervention survey conducted approximately one year after the endline (September 2023 -December 2023). This dataset is with respect to the endline survey and contains baseline demographic information on the sample in the gPM+ study. The first part comprises of household-level modules such as household roster, housing, assets, consumption, food security, investments, and occurrence of shocking events. The second part is composed of individual-level modules administered to the individuals screened for the study. These modules include instruments for measuring stress, anxiety, coping, self-efficacy, time and risk preference, savings, intimate partner violence, time use, and childcare.

Strengthen PSNP Institutions and Resilience Phase II (SPIR II), Ethiopia: Group Problem Management Plus (g-PM+) Pilot, Follow-up 1

IFPRI, in collaboration with World Vision (WV) and implementation partners, evaluated the impact of a psychotherapy intervention, group Problem Management plus (gPM+), with and without a one-time lump sum cash transfer. The study is an interventional study using a cluster randomized control trial (cRCT) design that occurred in 70 kebeles across the regions of Oromia and Amhara. The evaluation includes a screening survey to assess eligible men and women; a baseline survey conducted before implementing the gPM+ or cash transfer intervention (June-July 2022); and two follow up surveys (the first conducted September 2022-October 2022, and the second October 2023-January 2024). This dataset is with respect to the first follow up survey and contains baseline demographic information on the sample in the gPM+ study. The first part comprises of household-level modules such as household roster, housing, assets, consumption, food security, investments, and occurrence of shocking events. The second part is composed of individual-level modules administered to the individuals screened for the study. These modules include instruments for measuring stress, anxiety, coping, self-efficacy, time and risk preference, savings, time use, and childcare.

Irrigation technologies, Use of Solar Pumps and Gendered Impacts

The CGIAR Nexus Gains initiative supported a survey on irrigation solar pumps in Uganda to examine how solar pump ownership impacts the livelihoods of women and men in rural areas. This questionnaire was utilized to collect data from both beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of the World Bank solar pump subsidy project, implemented by the Ugandan Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Animal Industry.

The subsidy project required applicants to:
-Contribute 25% of the pump acquisition cost.
-Have access to a water source.
-Own arable land.
-At the time of the survey (November–December 2024), the project had expanded to all four regions of Uganda (Central, Eastern, Western, and Northern), covering 66 of the country’s 122 districts.

The survey was conducted in all four regions, sampling eight districts (two per region). Due to budget constraints, the survey included a sample of 480 households, comprising 280 beneficiaries and 200 non-beneficiaries. In each household, both an adult female and an adult male were interviewed to capture gender-differentiated perspectives.

Questionnaire Protocol Modules:
-Household Composition
-Irrigation Use
-Solar Pump and Non-Solar Pump Characteristics
-Women Empowerment
-Energy Insecurity
-Water Insecurity
-Food Insecurity
-Nutrition and Dietary Diversity
-Production and Input
-Assets
-Markets and Marketing
-Access to Rural Services
-Access to Pump Repair Technical Services
-This comprehensive survey design aims to explore the multifaceted impacts of solar pump adoption on household livelihoods, with a particular focus on gendered outcomes.

Food Security Simulator – Ethiopia

The Food Security Simulator Ethiopia (FSSE) is an innovative and easy-to-use, MS-Excel-based tool for assessing the potential short-term impacts of food price or household income shocks, along with changes in preferences, on food security and people’s diets. The Simulator is an ideal tool for first-cut forward-looking evaluations of direct, household-level outcomes of economic crises and policy responses in a timely manner. The tool allows users to enter positive and negative price or income changes in percentage terms and provides simulated changes for a diverse set of food-consumption- and diet-quality-related indicators. In addition to detailed tabular presentations of all simulation results by household income quintile and residential area, key indicator results are summarized in concise overview tables and visualized in graphs for easy export and use in reports. The underlying data include estimates from representative household survey data and rigorous, sophisticated food demand models to capture consumer behavior.

2022 Social Accounting Matrix for Ghana

The 2022 Ghana Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) follows IFPRI's Standard Nexus SAM approach, by focusing on consistency, comparability, and transparency of data. The Nexus SAMs available on IFPRI's website separates domestic production into 42 activities. Factors are disaggregated into labor, agricultural land, and capital, with labor further disaggregated across three education-based categories. The household account is divided into 10 representative household groups: Rural and urban households across per capita consumption quintiles. Nexus SAMs support the improvement of model-based research and policy analysis in developing countries and allow for more robust cross-country comparisons of national economic structures, especially agriculture-food systems.

2022 Social Accounting Matrix for Ethiopia

The 2022 Ethiopia Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) follows IFPRI's Standard Nexus SAM approach, by focusing on consistency, comparability, and transparency of data. The Nexus SAMs available on IFPRI's website separates domestic production into 42 activities. Factors are disaggregated into labor, agricultural land, and capital, with labor further disaggregated across three education-based categories. The household account is divided into 10 representative household groups: Rural and urban households across per capita consumption quintiles. Nexus SAMs support the improvement of model-based research and policy analysis in developing countries and allow for more robust cross-country comparisons of national economic structures, especially agriculture-food systems.

2022 Social Accounting Matrix for Malawi

The 2022 Malawi Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) follows IFPRI's Standard Nexus SAM approach, by focusing on consistency, comparability, and transparency of data. The Nexus SAMs available on IFPRI's website separates domestic production into 42 activities. Factors are disaggregated into labor, agricultural land, and capital, with labor further disaggregated across three education-based categories. The household account is divided into 10 representative household groups: Rural and urban households across per capita consumption quintiles. Nexus SAMs support the improvement of model-based research and policy analysis in developing countries and allow for more robust cross-country comparisons of national economic structures, especially agriculture-food systems.

Nature+ Quantitative Baseline Household & Worker Survey, Kenya

In 2023, the Nature Positive Solutions (Nature+) baseline survey was conducted in Kenya, focusing on the Counties of Kisumu, Vihiga, and Kajiado. The study aimed to describe the socio-economic conditions and agricultural systems in these areas, providing a baseline assessment to inform ongoing Nature+ interventions. The survey covered 1,502 smallholder farmer households (752 treated and 750 control) across 25 villages.
Data collection employed a two-stage sampling technique and assessed various variables, including socio-economic characteristics, agricultural practices, land use, nutrition, and adoption of Nature+ practices. This data will support the evaluation of Nature+'s impacts on inclusion, poverty reduction, food security, livelihoods, and environmental sustainability.
Additionally, the survey included interviews with 1056 workers, covering socio-demographic characteristics, contract types, forced labor, harassment, workplace health and safety, wages, and overtime. All monetary variables are expressed in Kenyan Shilling (KSH).

2021 Social Accounting Matrix for Sudan

The 2021 Sudan Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) follows IFPRI's Standard Nexus SAM approach, by focusing on consistency, comparability, and transparency of data. The Nexus SAMs available on IFPRI's website separates domestic production into 42 activities. Factors are disaggregated into labor, agricultural land, and capital, with labor further disaggregated across three education-based categories. The household account is divided into 10 representative household groups: Rural and urban households across per capita consumption quintiles. Nexus SAMs support the improvement of model-based research and policy analysis in developing countries and allow for more robust cross-country comparisons of national economic structures, especially agriculture-food systems.

2022 Social Accounting Matrix for Uganda

The 2022 Uganda Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) follows IFPRI's Standard Nexus SAM approach, by focusing on consistency, comparability, and transparency of data. The Nexus SAMs available on IFPRI's website separates domestic production into 42 activities. Factors are disaggregated into labor, agricultural land, and capital, with labor further disaggregated across three education-based categories. The household account is divided into 10 representative household groups: Rural and urban households across per capita consumption quintiles. Nexus SAMs support the improvement of model-based research and policy analysis in developing countries and allow for more robust cross-country comparisons of national economic structures, especially agriculture-food systems.

2022 Social Accounting Matrix for Tanzania

The 2022 Tanzania Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) follows IFPRI's Standard Nexus SAM approach, by focusing on consistency, comparability, and transparency of data. The Nexus SAMs available on IFPRI's website separates domestic production into 42 activities. Factors are disaggregated into labor, agricultural land, and capital, with labor further disaggregated across three education-based categories. The household account is divided into 10 representative household groups: Rural and urban households across per capita consumption quintiles. Nexus SAMs support the improvement of model-based research and policy analysis in developing countries and allow for more robust cross-country comparisons of national economic structures, especially agriculture-food systems.

2022 Social Accounting Matrix for Rwanda

The 2022 Rwanda Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) follows IFPRI's Standard Nexus SAM approach, by focusing on consistency, comparability, and transparency of data. The Nexus SAMs available on IFPRI's website separates domestic production into 42 activities. Factors are disaggregated into labor, agricultural land, and capital, with labor further disaggregated across three education-based categories. The household account is divided into 10 representative household groups: Rural and urban households across per capita consumption quintiles. Nexus SAMs support the improvement of model-based research and policy analysis in developing countries and allow for more robust cross-country comparisons of national economic structures, especially agriculture-food systems.

Survey of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in Agri-Food Value Chains: Network-Based Recruitment Approach in Uganda

The datasets and questionnaires included in this package are derived from the second phase of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) project titled "Digital Financial Services Adoption among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the Midstream of Agricultural Value Chains." This project focused on midstream actors within the arabica coffee and soybean value chains in Uganda, utilizing tailored surveys to assess their financial capabilities and constraints. The surveys were conducted in May and June 2023 across the Mbale, Kasese, and Lira districts. The data collection was carried out iteratively to gather information about intermediary actors at various stages of the agri-food value chain. In randomly selected villages within the primary study districts, a small group of farmers participated in a brief survey to identify intermediary actors to whom they had sold commodities in the past 30 days. The identified intermediary actors were then contacted and interviewed using a comprehensive intermediary actor survey. In total, 433 coffee farmers and 247 soybean farmers were interviewed in Uganda. The midstream actor sample for the coffee value chain includes 1,401 traders, 111 processors, 334 wholesalers, and 16 aggregators. For the soybean value chain, the sample consists of 507 traders, 2 processors, 280 wholesalers, 9 storage facilities, and 37 aggregators.

Drivers of Pigeon Peas Consumption Among School Aged Children in Central Tanzania

Data was collected from 138 caregivers of reproductive age (20-49 years) residing in four villages—Laikala, Mlali, Moleti, and Chitego—in Kongwa District, Dodoma Region, Tanzania. The caregivers were from households with school-aged children (5–12 years) and were randomly selected using the random walk sampling method. In each selected household, one caregiver was chosen based on their prior knowledge and consumption of pigeon pea, as well as their willingness to participate in the study. The data collection involved a questionnaire designed to combine the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Health Belief Model (HBM). This questionnaire assessed both internal and external factors influencing caregivers' choices regarding pigeon pea consumption for their children. Respondents indicated their level of agreement or disagreement with various statements on a Likert scale, as read by interviewers. This cross-sectional data is intended to provide insights into the factors affecting pigeon pea consumption and is valuable for developing programs and interventions aimed at increasing its intake in the Kongwa District.

Generalized Livelihoods Self-efficacy Scale

The Measures for Advancing Gender Equality (MAGNET) initiative aims to broaden and deepen the measurement of women’s agency, based on the development of new tools and rigorous testing and comparison of both new and existing methods for measuring agency, and promoting the adoption of these measures at scale. By increasing the availability of innovative meaningful measures of agency for a broad range of contexts, we hope our work will lead to an improved understanding of what women’s agency is, how it manifests and how it can best be measured across contexts given the research question at hand. Improving women’s self-efficacy, or their belief in own capabilities to act effectively towards their own goals, is an important and urgent policy goal. The 10-item Generalized Livelihoods Self-efficacy Scale allows us to measure self-efficacy applicable to general economic activities. As opposed to treating it as a generalized personality trait or as a domain-specific construct, it intends to be a measure that is applicable across economic activities and to capture livelihoods in general in low-income contexts. It is designed to capture both control over economic decisions and resources and the ability to engage in economic activities. This tool is suited for surveys run by NSOs, other nationally representative individual- or household-level surveys, and for targeted thematic or impact evaluation surveys designed to understand individuals' agency and decision-making. Other variables you may want to collect alongside this tool include engagement in income-generating activities, individual income, and MAGNET’s goal-setting capacity scale.
This data study includes following files.
1. A survey document (including implementation guidelines).
2. Two files, CAPI_Choices and CAPI_Survey, along with the accompanying files, can be used to construct a CAPI program ready for survey implementation. Alternatively, users can use an Excel workbook "CAPI_.xlsx" that includes worksheets for survey and choices, along with others, for constructing a CAPI program ready for survey implementation.

Project-level Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index for Market Inclusion (Pro-WEAI+MI): Malawi Case Study

The project-level Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index for market inclusion (pro-WEAI+MI) is a modified version of the pro-WEAI that captures empowerment across commodity value chains (VC), VC actors, and beneficiaries of VC/training interventions. This dataset from Malawi is one of four country case studies that developed additional market inclusion (+MI) indicators to complement the pro-WEAI. The Malawi case study was conducted as part of the Agricultural Technical Vocational Education and Training for Women (ATVET4W) Program, a gender-sensitive approach to technical training and market linkages in priority agricultural value chains led by the African Union Development Agency-New Partnership for Africa’s Development (AUDA-NEPAD) and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ). To compare program beneficiaries versus non-beneficiaries, a household survey was collected from September to October 2019 in five districts where ATVET4W has (1) started some activities, (2) shown initial commitment from a community college, and (3) shown a high likelihood to continue with the program. These districts cover different regions (North, Central, South), agroecological zones, and socioeconomic profiles. This data package includes the pro-WEAI+MI questions implemented in Malawi, basic household and demographic information, and constructed pro-WEAI and +MI indicators.

Cognitive Labor

The Measures for Advancing Gender Equality (MAGNET) initiative aims to broaden and deepen the measurement of women’s agency, based on the development of new tools and rigorous testing and comparison of both new and existing methods for measuring agency, and promoting the adoption of these measures at scale. By increasing the availability of innovative meaningful measures of agency for a broad range of contexts, we hope our work will lead to an improved understanding of what women’s agency is, how it manifests and how it can best be measured across contexts given the research question at hand. Cognitive labor refers to the mental work associated with anticipating the needs of family members (especially children), identifying options for meeting those needs, deciding among the options, and monitoring the results of those decisions (Daminger 2019). Although distinct from the physical dimensions of unpaid care and domestic labor, like these activities, cognitive labor is viewed in many societies as primarily women’s responsibility. Cognitive labor is, thus, an important component of gender inequality within households. This tool measures cognitive labor in association with different agricultural and non-agricultural activities using easily understandable language (“thinking and planning”). We recommend the use of this tool in the design, monitoring, and evaluation of development programs aimed at improving women’s empowerment and reducing women’s work burdens.
This data study includes following files.
1. A survey document (including implementation guidelines).
2. Two files, CAPI_Choices and CAPI_Survey, along with the accompanying files, can be used to construct a CAPI program ready for survey implementation. Alternatively, users can use an Excel workbook "CAPI_.xlsx" that includes worksheets for survey and choices, along with others, for constructing a CAPI program ready for survey implementation.

Motivational Autonomy and Internalized Norms

The Measures for Advancing Gender Equality (MAGNET) initiative aims to broaden and deepen the measurement of women’s agency, based on the development of new tools and rigorous testing and comparison of both new and existing methods for measuring agency, and promoting the adoption of these measures at scale. By increasing the availability of innovative meaningful measures of agency for a broad range of contexts, we hope our work will lead to an improved understanding of what women’s agency is, how it manifests and how it can best be measured across contexts given the research question at hand. A key component of Self-Determination Theory (Ryan and Deci 2000), motivational autonomy conceptualizes human behavior as driven by distinct types of motivation. Behavior that reflects individuals’ own values and interests is seen as autonomous and intrinsically motivated. Behavior taken to avoid punishment and blame or to gain reward or favor among other people is seen as extrinsically motivated. This survey tool, Motivational Autonomy and Internalized Norms, includes vignettes measuring four different types of motivation, ranging from the most autonomous (intrinsic, integrated) to the least autonomous (introjected, external). We recommend the use of this tool in the design, monitoring, and evaluation of development programs aimed at improving women’s empowerment.
This data study includes following files.
1. A survey document (including implementation guidelines)
2.Two files, CAPI_Choices and CAPI_Survey, along with the accompanying files, can be used to construct a CAPI program ready for survey implementation. Alternatively, users can use an Excel workbook "CAPI_.xlsx" that includes worksheets for survey and choices, along with others, for constructing a CAPI program ready for survey implementation.

Collective Agency

The Measures for Advancing Gender Equality (MAGNET) initiative aims to broaden and deepen the measurement of women’s agency, based on the development of new tools and rigorous testing and comparison of both new and existing methods for measuring agency, and promoting the adoption of these measures at scale. By increasing the availability of innovative meaningful measures of agency for a broad range of contexts, we hope our work will lead to an improved understanding of what women’s agency is, how it manifests and how it can best be measured across contexts given the research question at hand. Collective agency, or “power with”, is a critical component of women’s empowerment beyond the household. At the individual level, women often rely on groups to identify and achieve goals that advance them professionally, socially, economically, and politically. Within their homes, participation in groups can empower women by improving self-efficacy and self-esteem. Groups—whether entirely comprised of women, or mixed gender—can provide the skills and experience necessary for women, individually and collectively, to build agency, increase productivity, incomes, reduce workloads, and improve resilience. We recommend the use of this tool, Collective Agency, in the design, monitoring, and evaluation of group-based development programs aimed at improving women’s empowerment.
This data study includes following files.
1. A survey document (including implementation guidelines)

Time-use Agency

The Measures for Advancing Gender Equality (MAGNET) initiative aims to broaden and deepen the measurement of women’s agency, based on the development of new tools and rigorous testing and comparison of both new and existing methods for measuring agency, and promoting the adoption of these measures at scale. By increasing the availability of innovative meaningful measures of agency for a broad range of contexts, we hope our work will lead to an improved understanding of what women’s agency is, how it manifests and how it can best be measured across contexts given the research question at hand. Time allocations display highly gendered patterns across the globe. Women experience much higher levels of time poverty due to the disproportionate share of care and domestic work they bear. The standard time-use modules allow us to understand how individuals allocate their time across different activities. But they are silent on individuals’ preferences regarding such allocations. This tool aims to measure time-use agency, defined as the confidence in and the ability to make an act upon strategic choices about how to allocate one’s time.
This data study includes following files.
1. A survey document (including implementation guidelines)

Gender Inequality: Critical Consciousness Scale

The Measures for Advancing Gender Equality (MAGNET) initiative aims to broaden and deepen the measurement of women’s agency, based on the development of new tools and rigorous testing and comparison of both new and existing methods for measuring agency, and promoting the adoption of these measures at scale. By increasing the availability of innovative meaningful measures of agency for a broad range of contexts, we hope our work will lead to an improved understanding of what women’s agency is, how it manifests and how it can best be measured across contexts given the research question at hand. The policy goal of empowering women may be hindered by women’s lack of perception of the degree of gender inequality, their actual desire for egalitarianism, and what they do to push for change. Critical consciousness is defined as the capacity of oppressed or marginalized people to critically analyze their social and political conditions, endorsement of societal equality, and action to change perceived inequities (Freire, 1973). This tool, Gender Inequality: Critical Consciousness Scale, fills a gap of measuring critical consciousness on gender inequality adapted to the Global South. The scale has three components: critical reflection (degree to which women are aware of the conditions that discriminate them), critical action (what they do to push for change), and critical motivation (desire for egalitarianism). This tool is suited for surveys run by NSOs, other nationally representative individual- or household-level surveys, and for targeted thematic or impact evaluation surveys. We recommend the use of this tool in the design, monitoring, and evaluation of development programs aimed at improving women’s empowerment.
This data study includes following files.
1. A survey document (including implementation guidelines).
2.Two files, CAPI_Choices and CAPI_Survey, along with the accompanying files, can be used to construct a CAPI program ready for survey implementation. Alternatively, users can use an Excel workbook "CAPI_.xlsx" that includes worksheets for survey and choices, along with others, for constructing a CAPI program ready for survey implementation.

Short-form Locus of Control Scale

The Measures for Advancing Gender Equality (MAGNET) initiative aims to broaden and deepen the measurement of women’s agency, based on the development of new tools and rigorous testing and comparison of both new and existing methods for measuring agency, and promoting the adoption of these measures at scale. By increasing the availability of innovative meaningful measures of agency for a broad range of contexts, we hope our work will lead to an improved understanding of what women’s agency is, how it manifests and how it can best be measured across contexts given the research question at hand.

Measuring an individual’s agency requires understanding to what degree individuals believe they can purposefully achieve their goals (Kabeer 1999; Donald et al. 2020). A common conceptualization in psychology is an individual’s locus of control (Rotter 1966): the degree to which an individual believes that events are caused by one’s own behavior versus external factors (chance or powerful others). This construct is of policy interest because a greater internal locus of control is empirically associated with positive outcomes including human capital, technology adoption, employment outcomes, and savings. The 9-item Short-form Locus of Control Scale adapts the Sapp and Harrod (1993) scale, allowing us to capture who are the “powerful others” that individuals have in mind when we try to measure individuals’ external locus of control. This scale includes items that explicitly mention household and non-household members.

This scale can be used to measure differences in internal locus of control within a population, determine where an individual’s feeling of lack of control comes from, or to assess heterogeneity in the impact of a program by baseline levels of locus of control. Which “powerful others” are included in the scale can be adapted depending on the context. For example, when administering this scale to adolescent girls, asking about parents or peers may be more relevant. This tool is suited for surveys run by NSOs, other nationally representative individual- or household-level surveys, and for targeted thematic or impact evaluation surveys designed to understand individuals' agency and decision-making.

This data study includes following files.
1. A survey document (including implementation guidelines).
2.Two files, CAPI_Choices and CAPI_Survey, along with the accompanying files, can be used to construct a CAPI program ready for survey implementation. Alternatively, users can use an Excel workbook "CAPI_.xlsx" that includes worksheets for survey and choices, along with others, for constructing a CAPI program ready for survey implementation.

Algorithmic Assessment of Agency

The Measures for Advancing Gender Equality (MAGNET) initiative aims to broaden and deepen the measurement of women’s agency, based on the development of new tools and rigorous testing and comparison of both new and existing methods for measuring agency, and promoting the adoption of these measures at scale. By increasing the availability of innovative meaningful measures of agency for a broad range of contexts, we hope our work will lead to an improved understanding of what women’s agency is, how it manifests and how it can best be measured across contexts given the research question at hand. Measuring women’s agency with women’s own narratives through open-ended interviews is considered the gold-standard. Yet the data processing relies on hand-coding presenting limitations related to budget, time, and discretion of annotators. This tool, Algorithmic Assessment of Agency, is a text-analysis measure of women’s agency, drawing on text-to-speech transcripts of women’s answers to open-ended questions. This method will adapt the Franzosi (1994, 2004) methodology for analyzing semi-structured interviews, attributing an automated agency score to women’s narratives about how they make decisions, how they live their life and how this compares to their preferences. These questions are well-suited for surveys for targeted thematic or impact evaluation surveys designed to understand individuals' agency and decision-making. We recommend the use of this tool in the design, monitoring, and evaluation of development programs aimed at improving women’s empowerment.
This data study includes following files.
1. A survey document (including implementation guidelines).
2. Two files, CAPI_Choices and CAPI_Survey, along with the accompanying files, can be used to construct a CAPI program ready for survey implementation. Alternatively, users can use an Excel workbook "CAPI_.xlsx" that includes worksheets for survey and choices, along with others, for constructing a CAPI program ready for survey implementation.

Agricultural Self-efficacy Scale

The Measures for Advancing Gender Equality (MAGNET) initiative aims to broaden and deepen the measurement of women’s agency, based on the development of new tools and rigorous testing and comparison of both new and existing methods for measuring agency, and promoting the adoption of these measures at scale. By increasing the availability of innovative meaningful measures of agency for a broad range of contexts, we hope our work will lead to an improved understanding of what women’s agency is, how it manifests and how it can best be measured across contexts given the research question at hand. Improving women’s self-efficacy—that is, their belief in their capabilities to act effectively towards a goal—is an important and urgent policy goal. Despite being the sector that employs most of the labor force across the Global South, how to measure self-efficacy in agricultural activities in low-income countries remains understudied. This 10-item Agricultural Self-efficacy Scale allows us to capture the extent to which individuals believe in their own capacity to reach goals regarding different common activities in agriculture, grounded in McGee et al.’s (2009) framework for measuring entrepreneurial self-efficacy. This scale can be used to assess levels of agricultural self-efficacy in a population, determine which sub-domains of self-efficacy are strongest or weakest (e.g., managing labor or obtaining a loan) as well as to assess the impact of agriculture-related projects. This tool is suited for surveys run by NSOs, other nationally representative individual- or household-level surveys, and for targeted thematic or impact evaluation surveys designed to understand individuals' agency and decision-making.
This data study includes following files.
1. A survey document (including implementation guidelines).
2. Two files, CAPI_Choices and CAPI_Survey, along with the accompanying files, can be used to construct a CAPI program ready for survey implementation. Alternatively, users can use an Excel workbook "CAPI_.xlsx" that includes worksheets for survey and choices, along with others, for constructing a CAPI program ready for survey implementation.

Gender and Occupation: Automatic Cognition Test

The Measures for Advancing Gender Equality (MAGNET) initiative aims to broaden and deepen the measurement of women’s agency, based on the development of new tools and rigorous testing and comparison of both new and existing methods for measuring agency, and promoting the adoption of these measures at scale. By increasing the availability of innovative meaningful measures of agency for a broad range of contexts, we hope our work will lead to an improved understanding of what women’s agency is, how it manifests and how it can best be measured across contexts given the research question at hand. This tool, Gender and Occupation: Automatic Cognition Test, captures ‘automatic cognition’ (i.e., cognition that is fast, effortless, and occurs with little conscious awareness) regarding the gendered nature of specific activities and occupations. An increasing number of policy interventions aim to change gender norms and biased attitudes against women, including those regarding which occupations it is appropriate for women to work in. However, such implicit attitudes and biases are notoriously prone to measurement error. Rather than the more complex Implicit Association Test (IAT), this tool captures automatic cognition based on the simpler Affect Misattribution Procedure (Miles et al. 2019). This tool can be used to diagnose the strength of automatic cognitive processes regarding gender and occupations in a given population, but also to assess the impact of interventions aiming to shift attitudes or norms. Users may want to use this tool alongside other measures of gender attitudes, as well as the respondent’s current occupation.
This data study includes following files.
1. A survey document (including implementation guidelines).
2. Two files, CAPI_Choices and CAPI_Survey, along with the accompanying files, can be used to construct a CAPI program ready for survey implementation. Alternatively, users can use an Excel workbook "CAPI_.xlsx" that includes worksheets for survey and choices, along with others, for constructing a CAPI program ready for survey implementation.

Valuation of Time and Money

The Measures for Advancing Gender Equality (MAGNET) initiative aims to broaden and deepen the measurement of women’s agency, based on the development of new tools and rigorous testing and comparison of both new and existing methods for measuring agency, and promoting the adoption of these measures at scale. By increasing the availability of innovative meaningful measures of agency for a broad range of contexts, we hope our work will lead to an improved understanding of what women’s agency is, how it manifests and how it can best be measured across contexts given the research question at hand. This tool, Valuation of Time and Money, comprises survey questions, vignettes and a simple scale to understand how men and women value additional time (including work flexibility) versus additional income, their current level of control over their time and income, and their related gender attitudes. Understanding individuals’ preferences over time and money is crucial for accurately capturing welfare and the impact of development programs. Moreover, measuring disparities in how men and women perceive and manage their time and financial resources is crucial for inclusive policymaking.
This data study includes following files.
1. A survey document (including implementation guidelines).
2.Two files, CAPI_Choices and CAPI_Survey, along with the accompanying files, can be used to construct a CAPI program ready for survey implementation. Alternatively, users can use an Excel workbook "CAPI_.xlsx" that includes worksheets for survey and choices, along with others, for constructing a CAPI program ready for survey implementation.

Intra-personal Conflict Strategies

The Measures for Advancing Gender Equality (MAGNET) initiative aims to broaden and deepen the measurement of women’s agency, based on the development of new tools and rigorous testing and comparison of both new and existing methods for measuring agency, and promoting the adoption of these measures at scale. By increasing the availability of innovative meaningful measures of agency for a broad range of contexts, we hope our work will lead to an improved understanding of what women’s agency is, how it manifests and how it can best be measured across contexts given the research question at hand. Evidence suggests the process of decision-making itself—in addition to the final outcome—has important implications for households. This tool, Intra-personal Conflict Strategies, aims to deepen our understanding of how decisions are made when spouses have different preferences or constraints. When household members agree on the decision (regardless of the motivations), the decision-making process is relatively simple to understand. But when differences in opinions arise, the intrahousehold decision-making process can be more complex. It is important to understand differences in intra-personal conflict styles and how these differences impact the decision-making outcomes within the household. This tool uses vignettes aimed to capture five potential conflict strategies in which individuals may engage (avoidance, dominance, compromise, obliging, and collaboration). The vignettes build on Rahim ’s (1983) Model of Conflict Management styles for interpersonal conflicts, which is widely used to assess conflict behavior of individuals across five styles: (1) Avoidance, (2) Dominance, (3) Compromise, (4) Obliging, and (5) Collaboration. This information could be used to develop appropriate interventions that recognize the various types of conflict strategies people in a given area use within household decision-making. It may also be used to characterize household types for further analysis.
This data study includes following files.
1. A survey document (including implementation guidelines)

Asset Rights Upon Marriage Dissolution

The Measures for Advancing Gender Equality (MAGNET) initiative aims to broaden and deepen the measurement of women’s agency, based on the development of new tools and rigorous testing and comparison of both new and existing methods for measuring agency, and promoting the adoption of these measures at scale. By increasing the availability of innovative meaningful measures of agency for a broad range of contexts, we hope our work will lead to an improved understanding of what women’s agency is, how it manifests and how it can best be measured across contexts given the research question at hand.

Enhancing women’s land rights is an increasingly important goal for governments and policymakers around the world. Frequently, the duration of a woman’s property rights is limited to the time while she is married. To understand a woman’s tenure security, it is necessary to know whether her tenure extends beyond the length of her marriage. The survey questions in this tool, Asset Rights upon Marriage Dissolution, inquire about expectations regarding asset ownership and rights if a couple were to separate, and how the answers may vary by type of asset and mode of acquisition (e.g., purchase together, gifted, or inherited). The questions may be asked about different types of assets such as agricultural land, livestock, etc. To fully understand women’s tenure security in the event of separation, it is useful to have this tool alongside modules that solicit information on individual’s ownership of the asset.

This data study includes following files.
1. A survey document (including implementation guidelines)
2.Two files, CAPI_Choices and CAPI_Survey, along with the accompanying help files, can be used to construct a CAPI program ready for survey implementation. Alternatively, users can use an Excel workbook "CAPI_.xlsx" that includes worksheets for survey and choices, along with help files, for constructing a CAPI program ready for survey implementation.

Asset Control and Benefits Scale

The Measures for Advancing Gender Equality (MAGNET) initiative aims to broaden and deepen the measurement of women’s agency, based on the development of new tools and rigorous testing and comparison of both new and existing methods for measuring agency, and promoting the adoption of these measures at scale. By increasing the availability of innovative meaningful measures of agency for a broad range of contexts, we hope our work will lead to an improved understanding of what women’s agency is, how it manifests and how it can best be measured across contexts given the research question at hand.

There are myriad definitions of ownership, control, benefit, and use of assets (e.g., right to access the resource, exploit for economic benefit, right to transfer, right to bequeath, etc.,). A common challenge in survey implementation is the significant cost, both in terms of duration and budget, that collecting a full roster of assets and asset rights might involve. The Asset Control and Benefits Scale aims to simplify the process by measuring with Likert-agreement items the construct of control and benefits over assets including land, livestock, phone, mode of transportation, and large household appliances. This scale is suited for surveys run by NSOs, other nationally representative individual- or household-level surveys, and for targeted thematic or impact evaluation surveys designed to understand individuals' agency and decision-making.

This data study includes following files.
1. A survey document (including implementation guidelines).
2. Two files, CAPI_Choices and CAPI_Survey, along with the accompanying help files, can be used to construct a CAPI program ready for survey implementation. Alternatively, users can use an Excel workbook "CAPI_.xlsx" that includes worksheets for survey and choices, along with others, for constructing a CAPI program ready for survey implementation.

Bandwidth Depletion

The Measures for Advancing Gender Equality (MAGNET) initiative aims to broaden and deepen the measurement of women’s agency, based on the development of new tools and rigorous testing and comparison of both new and existing methods for measuring agency, and promoting the adoption of these measures at scale. By increasing the availability of innovative meaningful measures of agency for a broad range of contexts, we hope our work will lead to an improved understanding of what women’s agency is, how it manifests and how it can best be measured across contexts given the research question at hand. Cognitive bandwidth depletion and scarcity mindset are well-studied in laboratory settings, and there is strong evidence base for how it impacts poor people. Scarcity mindset induced by financial constraints may result in reduced bandwidth to attend to other pressing tasks, leading to trade-off thinking or giving preference to decisions that may have positive benefits for meeting immediate needs, but may result in negative impacts on longer-term well-being. Understanding bandwidth depletion could shed light on mechanisms behind why or how households prioritize certain decisions. Currently, there is limited evidence in non-Western contexts and from studies outside of laboratory settings, as well as a lack of measures that work in these contexts. This tool, Bandwidth Depletion, consists of a self-reported bandwidth scale and Simon’s circle task. This measurement tool is well suited for targeted thematic or impact evaluation surveys. Other variables that you may want to collect alongside the bandwidth depletion measure include education level, time use, household income, and food security.
This data study includes following files.
1. A survey document (including implementation guidelines)
2. A statistical annex containing more information about the validation of the tool, as well as statistical guidance for analysis

Rights when Land is Owned Jointly

The Measures for Advancing Gender Equality (MAGNET) initiative aims to broaden and deepen the measurement of women’s agency, based on the development of new tools and rigorous testing and comparison of both new and existing methods for measuring agency, and promoting the adoption of these measures at scale. By increasing the availability of innovative meaningful measures of agency for a broad range of contexts, we hope our work will lead to an improved understanding of what women’s agency is, how it manifests and how it can best be measured across contexts given the research question at hand.

Expanding women’s asset ownership is key not only for improving gender equality, but also for promoting economic development and wellbeing. But survey respondents often report owning assets jointly with others, including their spouses, children, and extended family. But it is not always clear what is meant by joint ownership and what rights or control the respondent has regarding the asset. Measuring the extent of women’s property rights also requires understanding the role played by joint ownership. This tool, Rights when Land is Owned Jointly, allows us to elicit subjective assessments regarding the rights of each member of a hypothetical married couple who own property jointly, with variations on the type of ownership (joint vs. sole), mode of acquisition, and selling rights. To fully understand individuals’ understanding of joint ownership, it is useful to have this tool alongside modules that solicit information on individual’s ownership of the asset. This data study includes following files.
1. A survey document (including implementation guidelines)

Resistance and Backlash

The Measures for Advancing Gender Equality (MAGNET) initiative aims to broaden and deepen the measurement of women’s agency, based on the development of new tools and rigorous testing and comparison of both new and existing methods for measuring agency, and promoting the adoption of these measures at scale. By increasing the availability of innovative meaningful measures of agency for a broad range of contexts, we hope our work will lead to an improved understanding of what women’s agency is, how it manifests and how it can best be measured across contexts given the research question at hand.

Improving women’s decision-making power is crucial for advancing gender equality. Understanding individuals’ participation in decision-making within their households involves understanding what occurs, or they fear it might occur, when they try to participate in these decisions. For example, they might face some type of economic or physical punishment. These potential negative consequences may be particularly acute for women. This tool, Resistance and Backlash, aims to capture whether respondents face consequences, positive or negative, because of their participation in decisions inside the household, as well as what they think would happen if they participated in those decisions that they are not currently participating in. Understanding such consequences can be used to inform interventions that aim to increase women’s decision-making power within the household, as well as theories of changes within broader initiatives to increase women’s agency. This tool is suited for nationally representative individual- or household-level surveys, and for targeted thematic or impact evaluation surveys designed to understand women’s agency and decision-making. Other variables that you may want to collect alongside this measure include marital status, age, women’s engagement in any income-generating activities, and additional measures on agency or influence in decision-making (e.g., MAGNET’s persuasion or preferences over decision-making tools).

This data study includes following files.
1. A survey document (including implementation guidelines)

Preferences Over Decision-Making

The Measures for Advancing Gender Equality (MAGNET) initiative aims to broaden and deepen the measurement of women’s agency, based on the development of new tools and rigorous testing and comparison of both new and existing methods for measuring agency, and promoting the adoption of these measures at scale. By increasing the availability of innovative meaningful measures of agency for a broad range of contexts, we hope our work will lead to an improved understanding of what women’s agency is, how it manifests and how it can best be measured across contexts given the research question at hand. Improving women’s decision-making power is crucial for advancing gender equality and is most commonly measured by asking respondents who usually makes decisions over a standard set of domains (e.g., major household purchases, children’s education, health, how earned money is used, etc.). However, interpreting being a decision maker as a proxy of empowerment is only valid if the respondent desires to be involved in the decision. It is not hard to imagine situations in which not being a decision maker reflects an individual acting on their own desires. Understanding preferences and mechanisms behind desired non-involvement provides critical information to inform global initiatives designed to promote women’s decision-making power and agency. This tool, Preferences over Decision-making, aims to capture whether respondents want to be involved in the decisions they are part of and those they are not part of, as well as the reasons for which they might not want to be involved. This tool is suited for nationally representative individual- or household-level surveys, and for targeted thematic or impact evaluation surveys designed to understand women’s agency and decision-making. Other variables you may want to collect alongside this module include marital status and age.
This data study includes following files.
1. A survey document (including implementation guidelines)

Goal-setting Capacity Scale

The Measures for Advancing Gender Equality (MAGNET) initiative aims to broaden and deepen the measurement of women’s agency, based on the development of new tools and rigorous testing and comparison of both new and existing methods for measuring agency, and promoting the adoption of these measures at scale. By increasing the availability of innovative meaningful measures of agency for a broad range of contexts, we hope our work will lead to an improved understanding of what women’s agency is, how it manifests and how it can best be measured across contexts given the research question at hand. Improving women’s ability to define goals and act on them is an important and urgent policy goal. Yet our understanding of how to achieve this goal is hampered by the lack of adequate measurement tools and recognized best practices. The 8-item Goal-setting Capacity Scale allows researchers to capture an individual’s goal-setting capacity. Goal-setting capacity is a process that establishes specific, time-based behaviors that are measurable, achievable, and realistic. They can be related to both economic and non-economic activities. In terms of timing, they can be short-term (e.g., saving money for a small household purchase, learning a new skill) or long-term (e.g., saving money for a large household purchase, achieving some level of education). Other variables that you may want to collect alongside goal-setting capacity are education level, employment status, age, and MAGNET’s livelihoods self-efficacy scale.
This data study includes following files.
1. A survey document (including implementation guidelines).
2. A statistical annex containing more information about the validation of the tool, as well as statistical guidance for analysis.
3. Two files, CAPI_Choices and CAPI_Survey, along with the accompanying help files, can be used to construct a CAPI program ready for survey implementation. Alternatively, users can use an Excel workbook "CAPI_.xlsx" that includes worksheets for survey and choices, along with help files, for constructing a CAPI program ready for survey implementation.

Enumerator Characteristics and Reporting Bias

The Measures for Advancing Gender Equality (MAGNET) initiative aims to broaden and deepen the measurement of women’s agency, based on the development of new tools and rigorous testing and comparison of both new and existing methods for measuring agency, and promoting the adoption of these measures at scale. By increasing the availability of innovative meaningful measures of agency for a broad range of contexts, we hope our work will lead to an improved understanding of what women’s agency is, how it manifests and how it can best be measured across contexts given the research question at hand. Evidence suggests that men’s and women’s responses may be affected by the interview context. This tool allows identifying which enumerators’ characteristics (e.g., gender, age, beliefs on women’s rights) affect respondents’ reporting and whether there are heterogeneities across genders and contexts. This tool, Enumerator Characteristics and Reporting Bias, should be administered to the enumerators before enumerators’ training takes place and can be used to assess the need to randomize enumerators, design interventions at the enumerator-level, or control for enumerator characteristics while analyzing the survey data.

Understanding the Meanings of Ownership

The Measures for Advancing Gender Equality (MAGNET) initiative aims to broaden and deepen the measurement of women’s agency, based on the development of new tools and rigorous testing and comparison of both new and existing methods for measuring agency, and promoting the adoption of these measures at scale. By increasing the availability of innovative meaningful measures of agency for a broad range of contexts, we hope our work will lead to an improved understanding of what women’s agency is, how it manifests and how it can best be measured across contexts given the research question at hand. Expanding women’s asset ownership is key for improving gender equality and promoting economic development and well-being. A widespread challenge in data collection is that ownership can have different meanings across contexts, particularly regarding which components of the bundle of rights comprise ownership. Yet, surveys often implicitly assume that all rights are held by the same person. This tool, Understanding the Meanings of Ownership, allows us to elicit responses regarding subjective assessments of what ownership entails by presenting different scenarios in which the main premise is a woman owning a particular asset, but scenarios differ on the rights that women have over the asset. The multiple questions aim to assess how the answers may vary by type of asset and women’s status in the household (living with a partner, living with in-laws, living with her parents). To fully understand individuals’ understanding of ownership, it is useful to have this tool alongside modules that solicit information on individual’s ownership of the asset.
This data study includes following files.
1. A survey document (including implementation guidelines)
2.Two files, CAPI_Choices and CAPI_Survey, along with the accompanying help files, can be used to construct a CAPI program ready for survey implementation. Alternatively, users can use an Excel workbook "CAPI_.xlsx" that includes worksheets for survey and choices, along with others, for constructing a CAPI program ready for survey implementation.

Unpacking Joint Decision-making

The Measures for Advancing Gender Equality (MAGNET) initiative aims to broaden and deepen the measurement of women’s agency, based on the development of new tools and rigorous testing and comparison of both new and existing methods for measuring agency, and promoting the adoption of these measures at scale. By increasing the availability of innovative meaningful measures of agency for a broad range of contexts, we hope our work will lead to an improved understanding of what women’s agency is, how it manifests and how it can best be measured across contexts given the research question at hand. Improving women’s decision-making power is crucial for advancing gender equality. But evidence shows that wives and husbands have systematically different perceptions of who makes these decisions across contexts and intra-household disagreement is often not random; women “taking power” correlates with other women’s empowerment variables. This could be because the standard decision-making answer options “wife, husband, joint” is too categorical and it does not allow us to capture the strength in decision-making power (thinking it as a continuum), or because men and women have a different understanding of what sole/joint decision-making is. This tool, Unpacking Joint Decision-making, allows us to elicit responses regarding subjective assessments of a hypothetical married couple under different scenarios that involve the wife and the husband making household decisions around large household purchases. This tool is suited for nationally representative individual- or household-level surveys, and for targeted thematic or impact evaluation surveys designed to understand individuals' agency and decision-making.
This data study includes following files.
1. A survey document (including implementation guidelines)
2. Two files, CAPI_Choices and CAPI_Survey, along with the accompanying files, can be used to construct a CAPI program ready for survey implementation. Alternatively, users can use an Excel workbook "CAPI_.xlsx" that includes worksheets for survey and choices, along with others, for constructing a CAPI program ready for survey implementation.

Preferences Over Joint vs. Individual Asset Rights

The Measures for Advancing Gender Equality (MAGNET) initiative aims to broaden and deepen the measurement of women’s agency, based on the development of new tools and rigorous testing and comparison of both new and existing methods for measuring agency, and promoting the adoption of these measures at scale. By increasing the availability of innovative meaningful measures of agency for a broad range of contexts, we hope our work will lead to an improved understanding of what women’s agency is, how it manifests and how it can best be measured across contexts given the research question at hand. Individual-level surveys collecting data on asset ownership have increasingly emphasized eliciting answers regarding whether the ownership or management of the asset is individual or joint. There is often an implicit assumption that individual ownership is better, potentially more empowering, than joint ownership. But the data don’t provide insights on to whether the respondent would prefer to own and/or manage assets jointly or individually. This tool, Preferences over Joint vs. Individual Asset Rights, allows us to elicit responses regarding subjective assessments of the well-being of a hypothetical married individual based on whether they own and/or manage assets individually or jointly. The module may be asked about different types of assets such as agricultural land, livestock, or a dwelling. To fully understand ownership and management preferences, it is useful to have this tool as part of a survey with individual ownership module.
This data study includes following files.
1. A survey document (including implementation guidelines).
2.Two files, CAPI_Choices and CAPI_Survey, along with the accompanying help files, can be used to construct a CAPI program ready for survey implementation. Alternatively, users can use an Excel workbook "CAPI_.xlsx" that includes worksheets for survey and choices, along with help files, for constructing a CAPI program ready for survey implementation.

ACLED Conflict Index G5 Sahel (2018-2023)

This dataset contains the ACLED conflict index, its classification, and related underlying dimensions and rankings of deadliness, danger, diffusion, and fragmentation for the 279 second-level administrative areas of Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Chad between 2018 and 2023. Following a slightly modified version of ACLED's conflict index methodology, the dataset is generated based on ACLED’s curated dataset for Africa (5 January 2024) and United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs's (OCHA) geographic dataset for the Sahel (including P-codes).

Ethiopia Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Small-Scale Irrigation (ILSSI) Endline Survey, 2017

The Feed the Future Innovation Lab on Small-Scale Irrigation (FTF-ILSSI) is a cooperative agreement funded by USAID under the Feed the Future program to undertake research aimed to increase food production, improve nutrition, accelerate economic development and contribute to the protection of the environment. The project seeks these objectives through identifying, testing and demonstrating technological options in small-scale irrigation and irrigated fodder, supported by a continual dialogue approach with stakeholders and capacity development toward sustained use of research approaches and evidence. Collaborators on this project include Texas A&M University, the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), North Carolina A&T State University (NCAT) and Texas A&M AgriLife Research (TAMUS). As part of this project, IFPRI is undertaking a study of irrigating and non-irrigating households in Ethiopia, Tanzania and Ghana to investigate the connections between irrigation, gender, nutrition and health. The survey explores these linkages through an in-depth household questionnaire with questions on agricultural production, nutrition and health, a WEAI module and a community questionnaire.

Tanzania Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Small-Scale Irrigation (ILSSI) Endline Survey, 2017

The Feed the Future Innovation Lab on Small-Scale Irrigation (FTF-ILSSI) is a cooperative agreement funded by USAID under the Feed the Future program to undertake research aimed to increase food production, improve nutrition, accelerate economic development and contribute to the protection of the environment. The project seeks these objectives through identifying, testing and demonstrating technological options in small-scale irrigation and irrigated fodder, supported by a continual dialogue approach with stakeholders and capacity development toward sustained use of research approaches and evidence. Collaborators on this project include Texas A&M University, the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), North Carolina A&T State University (NCAT) and Texas A&M AgriLife Research (TAMUS). As part of this project, IFPRI is undertaking a study of irrigating and non-irrigating households in Ethiopia, Tanzania and Ghana to investigate the connections between irrigation, gender, nutrition and health. The survey explores these linkages through an in-depth household questionnaire with questions on agricultural production, nutrition and health, a WEAI module and a community questionnaire.
This work forms part of the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE).

Smallholder Agriculture Commercialization in Rwanda, 2022

This dataset pertains to a survey on smallholder commercialization conducted in Rwanda during October and November of 2022. The primary objective of this study is to enhance data and analysis regarding the returns associated with commercial smallholder production systems and policies aimed at supporting smallholder commercialization.

The data were collected from a nationally and provincially representative households’ sample of 2,020 rural smallholder agricultural households selected from five provinces. The survey focused on various key data points, including household demographics, farm and nonfarm assets, farm characteristics (such as land use, crop production, inputs usage, participation in agricultural programs, livestock, etc.), household expenditures and incomes, labor utilization, and other relevant factors throughout the agricultural year of 2022.

2021 Social Accounting Matrix for Nigeria

The 2021 Nigeria Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) follows IFPRI's Standard Nexus SAM approach, by focusing on consistency, comparability, and transparency of data. The Nexus SAMs available on IFPRI's website separates domestic production into 42 activities. Factors are disaggregated into labor, agricultural land, and capital, with labor further disaggregated across three education-based categories. The household account is divided into 10 representative household groups: Rural and urban households across per capita consumption quintiles. Nexus SAMs support the improvement of model-based research and policy analysis in developing countries and allow for more robust cross-country comparisons of national economic structures, especially agriculture-food systems.

Ghana Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Small-Scale Irrigation (ILSSI) Endline Survey, 2017

The Feed the Future Innovation Lab on Small-Scale Irrigation (FTF-ILSSI) is a cooperative agreement funded by USAID under the Feed the Future program to undertake research aimed to increase food production, improve nutrition, accelerate economic development and contribute to the protection of the environment. The project seeks these objectives through identifying, testing and demonstrating technological options in small-scale irrigation and irrigated fodder, supported by a continual dialogue approach with stakeholders and capacity development toward sustained use of research approaches and evidence. Collaborators on this project include Texas A&M University, the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), North Carolina A&T State University (NCAT) and Texas A&M AgriLife Research (TAMUS). As part of this project, IFPRI is undertaking a study of irrigating and non-irrigating households in Ethiopia, Tanzania and Ghana to investigate the connections between irrigation, gender, nutrition and health. The survey explores these linkages through an in-depth household questionnaire with questions on agricultural production, nutrition and health, a WEAI module and a community questionnaire. This work forms part of the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE).

Ghana Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Small-Scale Irrigation (ILSSI) Baseline Survey, 2015

The Feed the Future Innovation Lab on Small-Scale Irrigation (FTF-ILSSI) is a cooperative agreement funded by USAID under the Feed the Future program to undertake research aimed at increasing food production, improving nutrition, accelerating economic development, and contributing to the protection of the environment. The project pursues these objectives by identifying, testing, and demonstrating technological options in small-scale irrigation and irrigated fodder, supported by a continual dialogue approach with stakeholders and capacity development toward sustained use of research approaches and evidence. Collaborators on this project include Texas A&M University, the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), North Carolina A&T State University (NCAT), and Texas A&M AgriLife Research (TAMUS). As part of this project, IFPRI is undertaking a study of irrigating and non-irrigating households in Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Ghana to investigate the connections between irrigation, gender, nutrition, and health. The survey explores these linkages through an in-depth household questionnaire with questions on agricultural production, nutrition and health, a WEAI module, and a community questionnaire. This work is part of the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land, and Ecosystems (WLE).

Dataset on the impact of biofortified cassava in Nigeria: assessment of livelihood outcomes in Nigeria

Strengthen PSNP Institutions and Resilience Phase II (SPIR II), Ethiopia: Group Problem Management Plus (g-PM+) Pilot Screening Survey

The study's objective is to estimate the impact of group Problem Management Plus (GPM+), with and without a lump-sum cash transfer, on mental health, daily activities, and economic outcomes among Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) clients in the regions of Amhara and Oromia. The population for this study consists of individuals residing in Amhara and Oromia who are registered and assisted by the PSNP public works program. Moreover, to be eligible, individuals must show signs and symptoms of depression or dysfunction, be between 18 and 59 years old, and be the main decision-maker or spouse of the main decision-maker. The impact of GPM+ will be assessed through a two-stage cluster randomized control trial (cRCT) design.

The data included here comprise the results of a mental health screening, from which we identified respondents who were eligible for our study, and a baseline survey that includes measured characteristics of eligible respondents. These characteristics include household-level indicators such as food security and household consumption, and respondent-level indicators such as mental health outcomes. Per household, up to two people aged 18-59 years are screened (the primary decision-maker and spouse). The screening survey assesses depression and functionality using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2·0 (WHODAS). Data are organized by modules. In the screening data, Module A is at the household level, and Module B is at the respondent level.

Strengthen PSNP Institutions and Resilience Phase II (SPIR II), Ethiopia: Group Problem Management Plus (g-PM+) Pilot Baseline Survey

IFPRI, in collaboration with World Vision (WV) and implementation partners, evaluated the impact of a psychotherapy intervention, group Problem Management Plus (gPM+), with and without a one-time lump sum cash transfer. The study is an interventional study using a cluster randomized control trial (cRCT) design that occurred in 70 kebeles across the regions of Oromia and Amhara. The evaluation includes a screening survey to assess eligible men and women; a baseline survey conducted before implementing the gPM+ or cash transfer intervention (June-July 2022); an endline survey conducted on the same individuals right after the interventions (September 2022-October 2022); and a one-year post-intervention survey conducted approximately one year after the endline (September-October 2023). This dataset pertains to the baseline survey and contains baseline demographic information on the sample in the gPM+ study. The first part comprises household-level modules such as household roster, housing, assets, consumption, food security, investments, and occurrence of shocking events. The second part is composed of individual-level modules administered to the individuals screened for the study. These modules include instruments for measuring stress, anxiety, coping, self-efficacy, time and risk preference, savings, intimate partner violence, time use, and childcare.

Strengthen PSNP Institutions and Resilience Phase II (SPIR II), Ethiopia: Group Problem Management Plus (g-PM+) Pilot Screening Survey

The study's objective is to estimate the impact of group Problem Management Plus (GPM+), with and without a lump-sum cash transfer, on mental health, daily activities, and economic outcomes among Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) clients in the regions of Amhara and Oromia. The population for this study consists of individuals residing in Amhara and Oromia who are registered and assisted by the PSNP public works program. Moreover, to be eligible, individuals must show signs and symptoms of depression or dysfunction, be between 18 and 59 years old, and be the main decision-maker or spouse of the main decision-maker. The impact of GPM+ will be assessed through a two-stage cluster randomized control trial (cRCT) design. The data included here comprise the results of a mental health screening, from which we identified respondents who were eligible for our study, and a baseline survey that includes measured characteristics of eligible respondents. These characteristics include household-level indicators such as food security and household consumption, and respondent-level indicators such as mental health outcomes. Per household, up to two people aged 18-59 years are screened (the primary decision-maker and spouse). The screening survey assesses depression and functionality using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2·0 (WHODAS). Data are organized by modules. In the screening data, Module A is at the household level, and Module B is at the respondent level.

Replication Data for "Estimating the Intrahousehold Costs and Benefits of Innovations to Enhance Smallholder Farmers’ Resilience"

Replication data used to demonstrate the application of a new framework for cost-benefit analysis of climate information services (CIS) and other agricultural innovations aiming to improve smallholder farmers' resilience. The framework uses expected utility to quantify welfare benefits associated with non-monetary outcomes that are important from a development perspective, such as improved income smoothing, empowerment, and changes in time use. The data therefore collects variables such as risk preferences, income expectations, time use, and empowerment. The data were collected in November 2022 in the context of a CIS program in 6 regions in Ghana (Bono East, Central, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, and Upper West). Using computer-assisted personal interviews (CAPI), we surveyed male and female respondents from 661 households. We used multi-stage purposive sampling to select 11 districts, from which in total 38 villages were randomly selected. In each village, a sampling frame was developed with the help of community leaders, from which households were randomly selected for inclusion in the study.

Strengthen PSNP4 Institutions and Resilience (SPIR), Ethiopia: Baseline Survey

The Strengthen PSNP4 Institutions and Resilience (SPIR) Development Food Security Activity (DFSA) in Ethiopia was a five-year project (2016-2021) supporting the implementation of the fourth phase of the Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP4) as well as providing complementary livelihood, nutrition, gender, and climate resilience activities to strengthen the program and expand its impacts. IFPRI conducted an experimental, quantitative impact evaluation of SPIR designed to measure the causal impact of multisectoral “graduation model” packages of interventions for improving outcomes in several domains, including livelihoods, food security, child nutrition, women’s empowerment, mental health, and intimate partner violence (IPV). The impact evaluation used a clustered RCT design to learn about the effect of different combinations of the SPIR interventions on the well-being of PSNP4 households. These packages were combined into multisectoral graduation model programs and randomized at the kebele level into four treatment arms. The evaluation sample comprised of 192 kebeles and 15 woredas in the Amhara and Oromia regions. The baseline survey was conducted from March to May 2018, and 3,314 households were interviewed. The survey instrument had three parts – household survey, female survey, and male survey, and was broadly similar across rounds, while some modules changed.

A&T Burkina Faso Maternal Nutrition Endline Survey 2021: Agent de santé Communautaire (ASBC)

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition and infant and young child feeding practices. In Burkina Faso, A&T developed and tested an intensive package of maternal nutrition interventions to be integrated into existing ANC services delivered through government health facilities. These included intensified counseling and support on dietary diversity and quality during pregnancy, iron-folic acid (IFA) supplements consumption, importance of ANC and increasing the number of visits, adequate weight-gain monitoring, and early initiation of and exclusive breastfeeding. This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather endline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions.
The overall study objective was to evaluate the feasibility of integrating locally relevant maternal nutrition interventions into ANC services provided by the government health system and their impact on diet quality and quantity and utilization of nutrition interventions during pregnancy. Research questions include:
1) What are the program impacts on maternal nutrition practices: (1) consumption of diversified foods and adequate intake of micronutrient, protein and energy compared to recommended intakes; (2) consumption of IFA supplements during pregnancy; and (3) early breastfeeding practices?
2) Can the coverage and utilization of key nutrition interventions (maternal nutrition counseling, weight gain monitoring, distribution of and counseling on IFA supplementation, and breastfeeding counseling) and number of ANC contacts be improved through health system strengthening and nutrition-focused social and behavior change communication (SBCC; interpersonal communication and community mobilization) approaches?
3) What factors influenced integration and strengthening of maternal nutrition interventions into the government ANC service delivery platform?

The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys at baseline and endline. The unit of randomization was the health and social promotion center (CSPS, Centre de Santé et de Promotion Social in French) catchment area. The endline survey was conducted in January-March 2021 by Agence de Formation de Recherche et d'Expertise en Santé pour l'Afrique (AFRICSanté), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The endline survey included the following: 1) Pregnant women questionnaire, 2) Recently delivered women questionnaire, 3) Husbands of recently delivered women questionnaire, 4) Nurse-midwife questionnaire, 5) Community health agents (agent de santé communautaire, ASBCs) questionnaire, 6) Health facility observation checklist, and 7) ANC observation and exit interview.

The ASBC interviews were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. Information was collected on ASBC’s responsibilities, capacity, knowledge, motivation, and ANC service provision in the community.

COVID-19 Impact on Rural Men and Women in Rwanda, Round 2

This dataset is the result of a phone survey set up to measure the impact of COVID-19 on rural people in Rwanda. The impact of COVID-19 can affect women and men in different ways: as an income shock (directly or indirectly); as a health and caring shock; as a shock of mobility (affecting access to water, food, firewood, schooling); and as a risk of increased domestic conflict and violence. To capture these various effects on household welfare, this phone survey was conducted with (around) 500 individuals randomly drawn from an existing list of phone numbers collected from previous household surveys with 223women and 278 men. At the time of data collection, COVID-19 caseloads were considerably slowing in Rwanda. The focus was on the socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19 on work and income; food and nutrition security; mobility and migration; household conflicts during the pandemic and access to services. The same individuals were also interviewed during other rounds to generate a longitudinal panel allowing for analysis of the impact of COVID-19 through time.

COVID-19 Impact on Rural Men and Women in Rwanda, Round 1

This dataset is the result of a phone survey set up to measure the impact of COVID-19 on rural people in Rwanda. The impact of COVID-19 can affect women and men in different ways: as an income shock (directly or indirectly); as a health and caring shock; as a shock of mobility (affecting access to water, food, firewood, schooling); and as a risk of increased domestic conflict and violence. To capture these various effects on household welfare, this phone survey was conducted with (around) 500 individuals randomly drawn from an existing list of phone numbers collected from previous household surveys with 178 women and 322 men. At the time of data collection, COVID-19 cases had considerably risen in Rwanda. The focus was on the socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19 on work and income; food and nutrition security; mobility and migration; household conflicts during the pandemic and access to services. The same individuals were also interviewed during other rounds to generate a longitudinal panel allowing for analysis of the impact of COVID-19 through time.

Replication Data for "Measuring Consumption Over the Phone: Evidence From a Survey Experiment in Urban Ethiopia"

These files comprise dataset and do-files for reproducing results presented in the article, "Measuring Consumption Over the Phone: Evidence From a Survey Experiment in Urban Ethiopia" (Abate, de Brauw, Hirvonen, and Wolle, 2023). A detailed description of each variable in this dataset is included in section 4 of the article. The sampling procedure, data, and methods are described in section 2 of the article (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2022.103026).

Survey on Gendered Constraints to Employment and Entrepreneurship, Lesotho

The dataset comprises a sample of small and medium-sized enterprises in Lesotho interviewed in 2021. The sectors represented are farms; agro-processors; other agricultural businesses; manufacturers; tourism industries & creative industries. The survey instrument was designed to capture information on the experiences of and constraints to employment and entrepreneurship among under-represented groups, specifically: women, youth & persons with disabilities.

Intensification of Maize-Legume Based Systems in the Semi-Arid Areas of Tanzania

This dataset is from the research study that aims to diversify the production environment to de-risk production in these semi-arid ecologies. In this study, two approaches were used , i.e. (i) testing suitability of legume x legume and legume by cereal production systems; (ii) modeling the multiple cropping systems using APSIM crop simulation model to assess changes in resource base, resource use efficiencies, productivity and profitability of the different cropping systems. The data included here are from the testing of suitability of legume legume x legume and legume by cereal production systems in Kongwa, Kiteto and Iringa districts of Tanzania and consists of overall biomass and seed weight along with variety name and intercropping.

Implications of Residue Quantity and Quality on Rotational Maize Productivity

Retaining crop residues in fields is a pathway to build soil organic matter (SOM) on smallholder farmers. The quality of crop residues can be improved through integrating more legume residues. This experiment assess the effect of legume residues from a doubled up system as compared to maize residues on rotational maize and N dynamics in the short term. In the long term, this can increase both quantity and quality of SOM.

GIS Mapping of Implemented Technologies across Different Agro-Ecologies and Demographic Settings to Help Evaluation of Adoption Practices

Technology adoption by farmers is linked to changes in environmental and climate variations but also to the household socio economic status and the cultural acceptance of technologies. The reliability and replicability of the technologies depend to the specific context where technologies are developed and implemented. Regarding the available technologies developed in phase I of the Africa RISING project and technologies under validation in phase II it is important to map and characterize using GIS and remote sensing technologies under different agro-ecological and socio-economic context.

Survey of Land and Water Management Practices Over Time on the Productivity and Economic Benefits of Cereal Crops

Land and water management practices like that of contour bunding, drip irrigation and shallow wells have been implemented by farmers over time in southern Mali. Farmers use these practices to improve yield performance and increase the household income. The impact of land and water management practices was evaluated on different crops (sorghum, millet, maize, groundnut and cotton) grown in two agro-ecologies of southern Mali. The data collected complete the data on environmental domain (field experiment from 2015 to 2017). That data were collected from the four established technology parks in Bougouni and Koutiala.

Assessing the Effect of Residue Quantity and Quality, and Water Conservation on Maize Productivity and Nitrogen Dynamics on Smallholder Farms in Malawi

Many soils on smallholder farms in Malawi have poor soil organic matter content. This results in poor maize productivity when sufficient mineral fertilizers are not added. Building soil organic matter requires improving both cereal and legume crops primary productivity through mineral fertilizers, and retaining the associated crop residues on the cropped lands. These residues decompose to provide mineral N to crops grown in sequence, as well as being an important source for SOM capitalization. Residues of legumes crops have a narrow C/N ration and are hypothesized to improve N cycling and benefit the rotational crop, whereas residues of maize, which have a wide C/N ratio, promote immobilization. While this knowledge is widely known, what is not clear is the interaction between crop residue quality, quantity and soil water management on maize productivity and mineral N dynamics. The data will address the following:
1. Does incorporating soil water enhancing technologies increase/reduce the immobilization potential of maize residues?

2. What is the effect of varying the quantity of the crop residues incorporated (both maize and legumes) on mineral N dynamics, soil water content and maize productivity

3. For farmers with limited fertilizer use (50% NP), how detrimental is use of maize residues (X0, X1, X2), with or without water conservation measures

4. What is the fertilizer substitution value of different quantity residues generated from a groundnut/pigeonpea doubled up system?

This data is for the residue generation phase.

Perceived Effect of Feed-Health Intervention for Improved Small Ruminant Production on Gender and Household Nutrition in Koutiala District

Under the feed and health intervention study for improved small ruminant production in 2 intervention communities in Koutiala district of Mali, data has been collected on animal performance (average daily gain, flock dynamics), manure production, and cost and benefit which covers the productivity, environmental and economic domains of the sustainable intensification assessment framework. Necessary data has not been collected for the human and social domains regarding this feed-health intervention. The objective of this study was to collect data on the human and social domains so that sustainable intensification assessment framework can be applied to the feed and health intervention for improved small ruminant production. The same households in the 2 communities, forty in total, involved in the feed-health intervention study conducted between 2017 and 2018 were involved in the survey.

Validation of Residual Tied Ridging Insitu Rainwater Harvesting Labor Saving Technology in Semi-Arid Areas of Central Tanzania

This dataset presents the data used in the study that was undertaken in four villages which had tied ridges constructed on 2016/2017 cropping season. It involved the use of a split-plot design with two factors namely tillage methods (i.e. annual tied ridging (ATR), residual tied ridging (RTR) and conventional farmer practice, (CFP) and two improved maize varieties (one commercial maize variety commonly grown by participating farmers) and one promising drought tolerant maize (DT) variety released by CIMMYT (WEMA) and ICRISAT (NACO Mtama 1). These trials consisted of six treatments that were replicated three times at each site. All treatments were applied with 20kg P/ha of Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) fertilizer at planting and Urea (40 kg N/ha) will be applied as a topdressing. Biophysical and socio-economic data will be collected and analyzed. The study consists of two cereal based systems notably: 1. Maize-based cereal system and treatments, and 2.Sorghum-based cereal system.

Use of Tractor Mounted Ripper Tillage for Enhancing Soil Water Infiltration and Moisture Conservation in Semi-Arid Areas of Central Tanzania

This dataset presents the data used in the study undertaken in the semi-arid area of Kiteto District in the Babati Region to address the challenge of soil plow layer compaction mainly associated with continued use of tractor mounted plow discs and cattle trampling. Trials were arranged in a mother-baby set up during the 2018/2019 cropping season whereby baby trials allow wide exposure that enables appropriate socio-economic study conditions. The mother factorial experiment was arranged in a split-plot design with two tillage treatments: Conventional farmer practice i.e. conventional tillage which involves tractor-mounted plow (CT) and rip tillage (RT) and two improved maize varieties (commercial maize variety & DT maize Variety) thus giving a total of four treatment combinations.

Validation of Residual Tied Ridging Insitu Rainwater Harvesting Labor Saving Technology in Semi-Arid Areas of Central Tanzania

This dataset presents the data used in the study that was undertaken in four villages which had tied ridges constructed on 2016/2017 cropping season. It involved the use of a split-plot design with two factors namely tillage methods (i.e. annual tied ridging (ATR), residual tied ridging (RTR) and conventional farmer practice, (CFP) and two improved maize varieties (one commercial maize variety commonly grown by participating farmers) and one promising drought tolerant maize (DT) variety released by CIMMYT (WEMA) and ICRISAT (NACO Mtama 1). These trials consisted of six treatments that were replicated three times at each site. All treatments were applied with 20kg P/ha of Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) fertilizer at planting and Urea (40 kg N/ha) will be applied as a topdressing. Biophysical and socio-economic data will be collected and analyzed. The study consists of two cereal based systems notably:1. Maize based cereal system and treatments 2. Sorghum based cereal system.

2019 Social Accounting Matrix for Malawi

The Nexus Project is a collaboration between IFPRI and its partners, including national statistical agencies and research institutions. Our aim is to improve the quality of social accounting matrices (SAMs) used for computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling. The Nexus Project develops toolkits and establishes common data standards, procedures, and classification systems for constructing and updating national SAMs. The 2019 Malawi SAM follows the Standard Nexus Structure. The open access version of the Malawi SAM separates domestic production into 42 activities. Factors are disaggregated into labor, agricultural land, and capital. Labor is further disaggregated across three education categories. Representative households are disaggregated by rural and urban areas and by per capita expenditure quintile. The remaining accounts include enterprises, government, taxes, savings-and-investment, and the rest of the word.

A&T Ethiopia Maternal Nutrition Endline Survey 2021: Antenatal Care (ANC) Observation

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding practices. In Ethiopia, A&T integrated a package of maternal nutrition interventions into existing ANC services delivered through government health facilities (interpersonal counseling on diet quality during pregnancy, counseling on iron-folic acid (IFA) supplementation, adequate weight-gain monitoring, counseling on early breastfeeding practices, and systems strengthening through training and supportive supervision) and community platforms (home visits, Pregnant Women Conferences/Mother Support groups, and community gatherings) that align with the latest global evidence. This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather endline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions.

The overall study objective was to determine the feasibility of integrating locally relevant maternal nutrition interventions into existing ANC services and determine the impact on diet quality and utilization of nutrition interventions during pregnancy. Research questions include:
1) What is the program impact on maternal practices: (1) consumption of diversified foods during pregnancy; (2) consumption of IFA supplements during pregnancy; and (3) early breastfeeding practices?
2) Can the coverage and utilization of key maternal nutrition interventions during ANC be improved through system strengthening approaches?
3) What factors influenced the integration and strengthening of maternal nutrition interventions into the government ANC service delivery platform?
The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys at baseline and endline. The unit of randomization is the health center and associated health posts in the catchment area. The endline survey was conducted in August-September 2021 by Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ACIPH), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The endline survey included the following: 1) Pregnant women questionnaire, 2) Recently delivered women questionnaire, 3) Health Extension Worker (HEW) questionnaire, 4), Nurse-midwife questionnaire, 5) Health facility observation checklist, and 6) ANC observation checklist and exit interview.

The ANC observations and exit interviews were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. A direct observation checklist of ANC sessions was used to document services provided, and an in-person interview collected information on perceptions of counseling received and patient satisfaction.

A&T Ethiopia Adolescent Nutrition Endline Survey 2021: Parent

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding practices. In Ethiopia, A&T implemented a package of adolescent nutrition interventions through school-based (nutrition messages during flag assemblies, classroom lessons on nutrition, student clubs on nutrition for girls, peer mentoring on nutrition, body mass index (BMI) measurement with counseling, and parents’ meetings) and community platforms (health post and home visits and community gatherings to discuss adolescent nutrition). This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather endline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions.
The overall study objective was to determine the feasibility of delivering nutrition interventions primarily through school-based platforms and their impact on diet quality among adolescent girls. Research questions include:
1) What is the program impact on the diet of adolescent girls: (1) dietary diversity, (2) meal frequency, and (3) less consumption of unhealthy snacks?
2) What is the exposure to adolescent nutrition interventions delivered through school-based platforms?
3) What factors influenced the integration of adolescent nutrition interventions into school-based platforms and their outcomes?

The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys of in-school adolescent girls aged 10-14 years enrolled in grades 4-8. The unit of randomization is the primary school which includes grades 1-8. The endline survey was conducted in March-April 2021 by Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ACIPH), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The endline survey included the following: 1) Adolescent girl questionnaire, 2) Parent questionnaire, 3) Teacher/Principal questionnaire, 4) Primary school observation checklist, and 5) Health Extension Worker (HEW) questionnaire. The parent interviews were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. Information was collected on household members, social involvement, exposure to nutrition information, parent and household dietary diversity, nutrition knowledge, gender and marriage beliefs and decision-making power, social desirability, home food environment, food security, effect of COVID-19 on food security and access to health services, dwelling and assets.

A&T Ethiopia Maternal Nutrition Endline Survey 2021: Recently Delivered Women

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding practices. In Ethiopia, A&T integrated a package of maternal nutrition interventions into existing ANC services delivered through government health facilities (interpersonal counseling on diet quality during pregnancy, counseling on iron-folic acid (IFA) supplementation, adequate weight-gain monitoring, counseling on early breastfeeding practices, and systems strengthening through training and supportive supervision) and community platforms (home visits, Pregnant Women Conferences/Mother Support groups, and community gatherings) that align with the latest global evidence. This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather endline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions.
The overall study objective was to determine the feasibility of integrating locally relevant maternal nutrition interventions into existing ANC services and determine the impact on diet quality and utilization of nutrition interventions during pregnancy. Research questions include:
1) What is the program impact on maternal practices: (1) consumption of diversified foods during pregnancy; (2) consumption of IFA supplements during pregnancy; and (3) early breastfeeding practices?
2) Can the coverage and utilization of key maternal nutrition interventions during ANC be improved through system strengthening approaches?
3) What factors influenced the integration and strengthening of maternal nutrition interventions into the government ANC service delivery platform?

The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys at baseline and endline. The unit of randomization is the health center and associated health posts in the catchment area. The endline survey was conducted in August-September 2021 by Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ACIPH), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The endline survey included the following: 1) Pregnant women questionnaire, 2) Recently delivered women questionnaire, 3) Health Extension Worker (HEW) questionnaire, 4), Nurse-midwife questionnaire, 5) Health facility observation checklist, and 6) ANC observation checklist and exit interview. The recently delivered women interviews were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. Information was collected on household composition, household socioeconomic status, obstetric history, use of ANC, exposure to ANC, maternal nutrition and breastfeeding knowledge and practices, pregnancy and postnatal care, household food security, social desirability, decision-making power, mental health, anthropometry, husband’s health and nutrition knowledge, and husband’s perceptions of maternal nutrition and roles of husbands and other family members during pregnancy.

A&T Burkina Faso Maternal Nutrition Endline Survey 2021: Pregnant Women

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition and infant and young child feeding practices. In Burkina Faso, A&T developed and tested an intensive package of maternal nutrition interventions to be integrated into existing ANC services delivered through government health facilities. These included intensified counseling and support on dietary diversity and quality during pregnancy, iron-folic acid (IFA) supplements consumption, importance of ANC and increasing the number of visits, adequate weight-gain monitoring, and early initiation of and exclusive breastfeeding. This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather endline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions.
The overall study objective was to evaluate the feasibility of integrating locally relevant maternal nutrition interventions into ANC services provided by the government health system and their impact on diet quality and quantity and utilization of nutrition interventions during pregnancy. Research questions include:
1) What are the program impacts on maternal nutrition practices: (1) consumption of diversified foods and adequate intake of micronutrient, protein and energy compared to recommended intakes; (2) consumption of IFA supplements during pregnancy; and (3) early breastfeeding practices?
2) Can the coverage and utilization of key nutrition interventions (maternal nutrition counseling, weight gain monitoring, distribution of and counseling on IFA supplementation, and breastfeeding counseling) and number of ANC contacts be improved through health system strengthening and nutrition-focused social and behavior change communication (SBCC; interpersonal communication and community mobilization) approaches?
3) What factors influenced integration and strengthening of maternal nutrition interventions into the government ANC service delivery platform?
The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys at baseline and endline. The unit of randomization was the health and social promotion center (CSPS, Centre de Santé et de Promotion Social in French) catchment area. The endline survey was conducted in January-March 2021 by Agence de Formation de Recherche et d'Expertise en Santé pour l'Afrique (AFRICSanté), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The endline survey included the following: 1) Pregnant women questionnaire, 2) Recently delivered women questionnaire, 3) Husbands of recently delivered women questionnaire, 4) Nurse-midwife questionnaire, 5) Community health agents (agent de santé communautaire, ASBCs) questionnaire, 6) Health facility observation checklist, and 7) ANC observation and exit interview.
The pregnant women interviews were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. Information was collected on household composition, household socioeconomic status, obstetric history, use of ANC, exposure to ANC, maternal nutrition and breastfeeding knowledge, household food security, social desirability, decision-making power, and mental health. A multi-pass 24-hour recall collected data on food intake over the previous 24-hours and recipes of prepared dishes.

A&T Ethiopia Adolescent Nutrition Endline Survey 2021: Teacher/Principal

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding practices. In Ethiopia, A&T implemented a package of adolescent nutrition interventions through school-based (nutrition messages during flag assemblies, classroom lessons on nutrition, student clubs on nutrition for girls, peer mentoring on nutrition, body mass index (BMI) measurement with counseling, and parents’ meetings) and community platforms (health post and home visits and community gatherings to discuss adolescent nutrition). This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather endline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions.
The overall study objective was to determine the feasibility of delivering nutrition interventions primarily through school-based platforms and their impact on diet quality among adolescent girls. Research questions include:
1) What is the program impact on the diet of adolescent girls: (1) dietary diversity, (2) meal frequency, and (3) less consumption of unhealthy snacks?
2) What is the exposure to adolescent nutrition interventions delivered through school-based platforms?
3) What factors influenced the integration of adolescent nutrition interventions into school-based platforms and their outcomes?
The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys of in-school adolescent girls aged 10-14 years enrolled in grades 4-8. The unit of randomization is the primary school which includes grades 1-8. The endline survey was conducted in March-April 2021 by Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ACIPH), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The endline survey included the following: 1) Adolescent girl questionnaire, 2) Parent questionnaire, 3) Teacher/Principal questionnaire, 4) Primary school observation checklist, and 5) Health Extension Worker (HEW) questionnaire. The teacher/principal interviews were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. Information was collected on teacher/principal background, school role, nutrition-related activities/ interventions, perceptions/beliefs, nutrition knowledge, effect of COVID-19 on workload or work activities, and receipt of COVID-19 training or guidelines.

A&T Ethiopia Adolescent Nutrition Endline Survey 2021: Adolescent Girl

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding practices. In Ethiopia, A&T implemented a package of adolescent nutrition interventions through school-based (nutrition messages during flag assemblies, classroom lessons on nutrition, student clubs on nutrition for girls, peer mentoring on nutrition, body mass index (BMI) measurement with counseling, and parents’ meetings) and community platforms (health post and home visits and community gatherings to discuss adolescent nutrition). This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather endline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions.
The overall study objective was to determine the feasibility of delivering nutrition interventions primarily through school-based platforms and their impact on diet quality among adolescent girls. Research questions include:
1) What is the program's impact on the diet of adolescent girls: (1) dietary diversity, (2) meal frequency, and (3) less consumption of unhealthy snacks?
2) What is the exposure to adolescent nutrition interventions delivered through school-based platforms?
3) What factors influenced the integration of adolescent nutrition interventions into school-based platforms and their outcomes?
The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys of in-school adolescent girls aged 10-14 years enrolled in grades 4-8. The unit of randomization is the primary school which includes grades 1-8. The endline survey was conducted in March-April 2021 by Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ACIPH), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The endline survey included the following: 1) Adolescent girl questionnaire, 2) Parent questionnaire, 3) Teacher/Principal questionnaire, 4) Primary school observation checklist, and 5) Health Extension Worker (HEW) questionnaire. The adolescent girl interviews were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. Information was collected on adolescent background, school attendance, dietary diversity, meal and snacking patterns, home food environment, nutrition knowledge, WASH practices, health and health service exposure, the effect of COVID-19 on school attendance and health service use, parental interaction, and other influencers (including sharing education messages and materials), gender and marriage beliefs, decision-making power, and anthropometry.

A&T Ethiopia Maternal Nutrition Endline Survey 2021: Health Extension Worker

A&T Ethiopia Maternal Nutrition Endline Survey 2021: Health Facility

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding practices. In Ethiopia, A&T integrated a package of maternal nutrition interventions into existing ANC services delivered through government health facilities (interpersonal counseling on diet quality during pregnancy, counseling on iron-folic acid (IFA) supplementation, adequate weight-gain monitoring, counseling on early breastfeeding practices, and systems strengthening through training and supportive supervision) and community platforms (home visits, Pregnant Women Conferences/Mother Support groups, and community gatherings) that align with the latest global evidence. This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather endline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions.

The overall study objective was to determine the feasibility of integrating locally relevant maternal nutrition interventions into existing ANC services and determine the impact on diet quality and utilization of nutrition interventions during pregnancy. Research questions include:
1) What is the program impact on maternal practices: (1) consumption of diversified foods during pregnancy; (2) consumption of IFA supplements during pregnancy; and (3) early breastfeeding practices?
2) Can the coverage and utilization of key maternal nutrition interventions during ANC be improved through system strengthening approaches?
3) What factors influenced the integration and strengthening of maternal nutrition interventions into the government ANC service delivery platform?
The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys at baseline and endline. The unit of randomization is the health center and associated health posts in the catchment area. The endline survey was conducted in August-September 2021 by Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ACIPH), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The endline survey included the following: 1) Pregnant women questionnaire, 2) Recently delivered women questionnaire, 3) Health Extension Worker (HEW) questionnaire, 4), Nurse-midwife questionnaire, 5) Health facility observation checklist, and 6) ANC observation checklist and exit interview.
The health facility observation checklists were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. Information was collected on condition of the facility infrastructure, service readiness, services provided by the facility, human resources, and ANC monitoring system.

2019 Social Accounting Matrix for Malawi

The Nexus Project is a collaboration between IFPRI and its partners, including national statistical agencies and research institutions. Our aim is to improve the quality of social accounting matrices (SAMs) used for computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling. The Nexus Project develops toolkits and establishes common data standards, procedures, and classification systems for constructing and updating national SAMs. The 2019 Malawi SAM follows the Standard Nexus Structure. The open access version of the Malawi SAM separates domestic production into 42 activities. Factors are disaggregated into labor, agricultural land, and capital. Labor is further disaggregated across three education categories. Representative households are disaggregated by rural and urban areas and by per capita expenditure quintile. The remaining accounts include enterprises, government, taxes, savings-and-investment, and the rest of the word.

A&T Burkina Faso Maternal Nutrition Endline Survey 2021: Nurse-Midwife

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition and infant and young child feeding practices. In Burkina Faso, A&T developed and tested an intensive package of maternal nutrition interventions to be integrated into existing antenatal care (ANC) services delivered through government health facilities. These included intensified counseling and support on dietary diversity and quality during pregnancy, iron-folic acid (IFA) supplements consumption, importance of ANC and increasing the number of visits, adequate weight-gain monitoring, and early initiation of and exclusive breastfeeding. This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather endline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions.
The overall study objective was to evaluate the feasibility of integrating locally relevant maternal nutrition interventions into ANC services provided by the government health system and their impact on diet quality and quantity and utilization of nutrition interventions during pregnancy. Research questions include:
1) What are the program impacts on maternal nutrition practices: (1) consumption of diversified foods and adequate intake of micronutrient, protein and energy compared to recommended intakes; (2) consumption of IFA supplements during pregnancy; and (3) early breastfeeding practices?
2) Can the coverage and utilization of key nutrition interventions (maternal nutrition counseling, weight gain monitoring, distribution of and counseling on IFA supplementation, and breastfeeding counseling) and number of ANC contacts be improved through health system strengthening and nutrition-focused social and behavior change communication (SBCC; interpersonal communication and community mobilization) approaches?
3) What factors influenced integration and strengthening of maternal nutrition interventions into the government ANC service delivery platform?
The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys at baseline and endline. The unit of randomization was the health and social promotion center (CSPS, Centre de Santé et de Promotion Social in French) catchment area. The endline survey was conducted in January-March 2021 by Agence de Formation de Recherche et d'Expertise en Santé pour l'Afrique (AFRICSanté), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The endline survey included the following: 1) Pregnant women questionnaire, 2) Recently delivered women questionnaire, 3) Husbands of recently delivered women questionnaire, 4) Nurse-midwife questionnaire, 5) Community health agents (agent de santé communautaire, ASBCs) questionnaire, 6) Health facility observation checklist, and 7) ANC observation and exit interview. The nurse-midwife interviews were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. Information was collected on Nurse-midwife’s responsibilities, capacity, knowledge, motivation, and ANC service provision at the health center.

2019 Social Accounting Matrix for Ghana

The Nexus Project is a collaboration between IFPRI and its partners, including national statistical agencies and research institutions. Our aim is to improve the quality of social accounting matrices (SAMs) used for computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling. The Nexus Project develops toolkits and establishes common data standards, procedures, and classification systems for constructing and updating national SAMs. The 2019 Ghana SAM follows the Standard Nexus Structure. The open access version of the Ghana SAM separates domestic production into 42 activities. Factors are disaggregated into labor, agricultural land, and capital. Labor is further disaggregated across three education categories. Representative households are disaggregated by rural and urban areas and by per capita expenditure quintile. The remaining accounts include enterprises, government, taxes, savings-and-investment, and the rest of the word.

A&T Ethiopia Maternal Nutrition Endline Survey 2021: Nurse-Midwife

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding practices. In Ethiopia, A&T integrated a package of maternal nutrition interventions into existing ANC services delivered through government health facilities (interpersonal counseling on diet quality during pregnancy, counseling on iron-folic acid (IFA) supplementation, adequate weight-gain monitoring, counseling on early breastfeeding practices, and systems strengthening through training and supportive supervision) and community platforms (home visits, Pregnant Women Conferences/Mother Support groups, and community gatherings) that align with the latest global evidence. This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather endline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions. The overall study objective was to determine the feasibility of integrating locally relevant maternal nutrition interventions into existing ANC services and determine the impact on diet quality and utilization of nutrition interventions during pregnancy. Research questions include:
1) What is the program impact on maternal practices: (1) consumption of diversified foods during pregnancy; (2) consumption of IFA supplements during pregnancy; and (3) early breastfeeding practices?
2) Can the coverage and utilization of key maternal nutrition interventions during ANC be improved through system strengthening approaches?
3) What factors influenced the integration and strengthening of maternal nutrition interventions into the government ANC service delivery platform?
The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys at baseline and endline. The unit of randomization is the health center and associated health posts in the catchment area. The endline survey was conducted in August-September 2021 by Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ACIPH), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The endline survey included the following: 1) Pregnant women questionnaire, 2) Recently delivered women questionnaire, 3) Health Extension Worker (HEW) questionnaire, 4), Nurse-midwife questionnaire, 5) Health facility observation checklist, and 6) ANC observation checklist and exit interview. The nurse-midwife interviews were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. Information was collected on work responsibilities, time commitments and workload, capacity, knowledge, motivation, supervision, and ANC service provision at the health center.

A&T Ethiopia Maternal Nutrition Endline Survey 2021: Pregnant Women

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding practices. In Ethiopia, A&T integrated a package of maternal nutrition interventions into existing ANC services delivered through government health facilities (interpersonal counseling on diet quality during pregnancy, counseling on iron-folic acid (IFA) supplementation, adequate weight-gain monitoring, counseling on early breastfeeding practices, and systems strengthening through training and supportive supervision) and community platforms (home visits, Pregnant Women Conferences/Mother Support groups, and community gatherings) that align with the latest global evidence. This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather endline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions.

The overall study objective was to determine the feasibility of integrating locally relevant maternal nutrition interventions into existing ANC services and determine the impact on diet quality and utilization of nutrition interventions during pregnancy. Research questions include:
1) What is the program impact on maternal practices: (1) consumption of diversified foods during pregnancy; (2) consumption of IFA supplements during pregnancy; and (3) early breastfeeding practices?
2) Can the coverage and utilization of key maternal nutrition interventions during ANC be improved through system strengthening approaches?
3) What factors influenced the integration and strengthening of maternal nutrition interventions into the government ANC service delivery platform?
The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys at baseline and endline. The unit of randomization is the health center and associated health posts in the catchment area. The endline survey was conducted in August-September 2021 by Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ACIPH), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The endline survey included the following: 1) Pregnant women questionnaire, 2) Recently delivered women questionnaire, 3) Health Extension Worker (HEW) questionnaire, 4), Nurse-midwife questionnaire, 5) Health facility observation checklist, and 6) ANC observation checklist and exit interview.

The pregnant women interviews were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. Information was collected on household composition, household socioeconomic status, obstetric history, use of ANC, exposure to ANC, maternal nutrition and breastfeeding knowledge and practices, pregnancy and postnatal care, household food security, social desirability, decision-making power, mental health, and anthropometry.

A&T Burkina Faso Maternal Nutrition Endline Survey 2021: Recently Delivered Women

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition and infant and young child feeding practices. In Burkina Faso, A&T developed and tested an intensive package of maternal nutrition interventions to be integrated into existing ANC services delivered through government health facilities. These included intensified counseling and support on dietary diversity and quality during pregnancy, iron-folic acid (IFA) supplements consumption, importance of ANC and increasing the number of visits, adequate weight-gain monitoring, and early initiation of and exclusive breastfeeding. This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather endline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions.

The overall study objective was to evaluate the feasibility of integrating locally relevant maternal nutrition interventions into ANC services provided by the government health system and their impact on diet quality and quantity and utilization of nutrition interventions during pregnancy. Research questions include:
1) What are the program impacts on maternal nutrition practices: (1) consumption of diversified foods and adequate intake of micronutrient, protein and energy compared to recommended intakes; (2) consumption of IFA supplements during pregnancy; and (3) early breastfeeding practices?
2) Can the coverage and utilization of key nutrition interventions (maternal nutrition counseling, weight gain monitoring, distribution of and counseling on IFA supplementation, and breastfeeding counseling) and number of ANC contacts be improved through health system strengthening and nutrition-focused social and behavior change communication (SBCC; interpersonal communication and community mobilization) approaches?
3) What factors influenced integration and strengthening of maternal nutrition interventions into the government ANC service delivery platform?

The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys at baseline and endline. The unit of randomization was the health and social promotion center (CSPS, Centre de Santé et de Promotion Social in French) catchment area. The endline survey was conducted in January-March 2021 by Agence de Formation de Recherche et d'Expertise en Santé pour l'Afrique (AFRICSanté), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The endline survey included the following: 1) Pregnant women questionnaire, 2) Recently delivered women questionnaire, 3) Husbands of recently delivered women questionnaire, 4) Nurse-midwife questionnaire, 5) Community health agents (agent de santé communautaire, ASBCs) questionnaire, 6) Health facility observation checklist, and 7) ANC observation and exit interview. The recently delivered women interviews were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. Information was collected on household composition, household socioeconomic status, obstetric history, use of ANC, exposure to ANC, maternal nutrition and breastfeeding knowledge and practices, pregnancy and postnatal care, household food security, social desirability, decision-making power, mental health, and anthropometry.

A&T Ethiopia Adolescent Nutrition Endline Survey 2021: Primary School

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding practices. In Ethiopia, A&T implemented a package of adolescent nutrition interventions through school-based (nutrition messages during flag assemblies, classroom lessons on nutrition, student clubs on nutrition for girls, peer mentoring on nutrition, body mass index (BMI) measurement with counseling, and parents’ meetings) and community platforms (health post and home visits and community gatherings to discuss adolescent nutrition). This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather endline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions.
The overall study objective was to determine the feasibility of delivering nutrition interventions primarily through school-based platforms and their impact on diet quality among adolescent girls. Research questions include:
1) What is the program impact on the diet of adolescent girls: (1) dietary diversity, (2) meal frequency, and (3) less consumption of unhealthy snacks?
2) What is the exposure to adolescent nutrition interventions delivered through school-based platforms?
3) What factors influenced the integration of adolescent nutrition interventions into school-based platforms and their outcomes?
The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys of in-school adolescent girls aged 10-14 years enrolled in grades 4-8. The unit of randomization is the primary school which includes grades 1-8. The endline survey was conducted in March-April 2021 by Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ACIPH), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The endline survey included the following: 1) Adolescent girl questionnaire, 2) Parent questionnaire, 3) Teacher/Principal questionnaire, 4) Primary school observation checklist, and 5) Health Extension Worker (HEW) questionnaire. The primary school observation checklist collected information on school infrastructure, WASH, supplies, food environment, nutrition education materials (e.g., posters) and displays, and effect of COVID-19 on school hours and classroom sessions.

2019 Social Accounting Matrix for Ghana

The Nexus Project is a collaboration between IFPRI and its partners, including national statistical agencies and research institutions. Our aim is to improve the quality of social accounting matrices (SAMs) used for computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling. The Nexus Project develops toolkits and establishes common data standards, procedures, and classification systems for constructing and updating national SAMs. The 2019 Ghana SAM follows the Standard Nexus Structure. The open access version of the Ghana SAM separates domestic production into 42 activities. Factors are disaggregated into labor, agricultural land, and capital. Labor is further disaggregated across three education categories. Representative households are disaggregated by rural and urban areas and by per capita expenditure quintile. The remaining accounts include enterprises, government, taxes, savings-and-investment, and the rest of the word.

A&T Burkina Faso Maternal Nutrition Endline Survey 2021: Antenatal Care (ANC) Observation

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition and infant and young child feeding practices. In Burkina Faso, A&T developed and tested an intensive package of maternal nutrition interventions to be integrated into existing ANC services delivered through government health facilities. These included intensified counseling and support on dietary diversity and quality during pregnancy, iron-folic acid (IFA) supplements consumption, importance of ANC and increasing the number of visits, adequate weight-gain monitoring, and early initiation of and exclusive breastfeeding. This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather endline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions.
The overall study objective was to evaluate the feasibility of integrating locally relevant maternal nutrition interventions into ANC services provided by the government health system and their impact on diet quality and quantity and utilization of nutrition interventions during pregnancy. Research questions include:
1) What are the program impacts on maternal nutrition practices: (1) consumption of diversified foods and adequate intake of micronutrient, protein and energy compared to recommended intakes; (2) consumption of IFA supplements during pregnancy; and (3) early breastfeeding practices?
2) Can the coverage and utilization of key nutrition interventions (maternal nutrition counseling, weight gain monitoring, distribution of and counseling on IFA supplementation, and breastfeeding counseling) and number of ANC contacts be improved through health system strengthening and nutrition-focused social and behavior change communication (SBCC; interpersonal communication and community mobilization) approaches?
3) What factors influenced integration and strengthening of maternal nutrition interventions into the government ANC service delivery platform?
The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys at baseline and endline. The unit of randomization was the health and social promotion center (CSPS, Centre de Santé et de Promotion Social in French) catchment area. The endline survey was conducted in January-March 2021 by Agence de Formation de Recherche et d'Expertise en Santé pour l'Afrique (AFRICSanté), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The endline survey included the following: 1) Pregnant women questionnaire, 2) Recently delivered women questionnaire, 3) Husbands of recently delivered women questionnaire, 4) Nurse-midwife questionnaire, 5) Community health agents (agent de santé communautaire, ASBCs) questionnaire, 6) Health facility observation checklist, and 7) ANC observation and exit interview. The ANC observations and exit interviews were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. A direct observation checklist of ANC sessions was used to document services provided, and an in-person interview collected information on perceptions of counseling received and patient satisfaction.

A&T Ethiopia Adolescent Nutrition Endline Survey 2021: Health Extension Worker

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding practices. In Ethiopia, A&T implemented a package of adolescent nutrition interventions through school-based (nutrition messages during flag assemblies, classroom lessons on nutrition, student clubs on nutrition for girls, peer mentoring on nutrition, body mass index (BMI) measurement with counseling, and parents’ meetings) and community platforms (health post and home visits and community gatherings to discuss adolescent nutrition). This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather endline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions.
The overall study objective was to determine the feasibility of delivering nutrition interventions primarily through school-based platforms and their impact on diet quality among adolescent girls. Research questions include:
1) What is the program impact on the diet of adolescent girls: (1) dietary diversity, (2) meal frequency, and (3) less consumption of unhealthy snacks?
2) What is the exposure to adolescent nutrition interventions delivered through school-based platforms?
3) What factors influenced the integration of adolescent nutrition interventions into school-based platforms and their outcomes?
The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys of in-school adolescent girls aged 10-14 years enrolled in grades 4-8. The unit of randomization is the primary school which includes grades 1-8. The endline survey was conducted in March-April 2021 by Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ACIPH), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The endline survey included the following: 1) Adolescent girl questionnaire, 2) Parent questionnaire, 3) Teacher/Principal questionnaire, 4) Primary school observation checklist, and 5) Health Extension Worker (HEW) questionnaire. The HEW interviews were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. Information was collected on HEW background, school and community role, nutrition-related activities, perceptions/beliefs, nutrition knowledge, effect of COVID-19 on workload or work activities, and receipt of COVID-19 training or guidelines.

A&T Burkina Faso Maternal Nutrition Endline Survey 2021: Husband

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition and infant and young child feeding practices. In Burkina Faso, A&T developed and tested an intensive package of maternal nutrition interventions to be integrated into existing ANC services delivered through government health facilities. These included intensified counseling and support on dietary diversity and quality during pregnancy, iron-folic acid (IFA) supplements consumption, importance of ANC and increasing the number of visits, adequate weight-gain monitoring, and early initiation of and exclusive breastfeeding. This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather endline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions.
The overall study objective was to evaluate the feasibility of integrating locally relevant maternal nutrition interventions into ANC services provided by the government health system and their impact on diet quality and quantity and utilization of nutrition interventions during pregnancy. Research questions include:
1) What are the program impacts on maternal nutrition practices: (1) consumption of diversified foods and adequate intake of micronutrient, protein and energy compared to recommended intakes; (2) consumption of IFA supplements during pregnancy; and (3) early breastfeeding practices?
2) Can the coverage and utilization of key nutrition interventions (maternal nutrition counseling, weight gain monitoring, distribution of and counseling on IFA supplementation, and breastfeeding counseling) and number of ANC contacts be improved through health system strengthening and nutrition-focused social and behavior change communication (SBCC; interpersonal communication and community mobilization) approaches?
3) What factors influenced integration and strengthening of maternal nutrition interventions into the government ANC service delivery platform?
The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys at baseline and endline. The unit of randomization was the health and social promotion center (CSPS, Centre de Santé et de Promotion Social in French) catchment area. The endline survey was conducted in January-March 2021 by Agence de Formation de Recherche et d'Expertise en Santé pour l'Afrique (AFRICSanté), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The endline survey included the following: 1) Pregnant women questionnaire, 2) Recently delivered women questionnaire, 3) Husbands of recently delivered women questionnaire, 4) Nurse-midwife questionnaire, 5) Community health agents (agent de santé communautaire, ASBCs) questionnaire, 6) Health facility observation checklist, and 7) ANC observation and exit interview. Husbands of recently delivered women were interviewed if they were present at the time of the recently delivered women interviews. Information was collected on husband’s health and nutrition knowledge, and husband’s perceptions of maternal nutrition, and roles of husbands, other family members and the community/village during pregnancy.

A&T Burkina Faso Maternal Nutrition Endline Survey 2021: Health Facility

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition and infant and young child feeding practices. In Burkina Faso, A&T developed and tested an intensive package of maternal nutrition interventions to be integrated into existing ANC services delivered through government health facilities. These included intensified counseling and support on dietary diversity and quality during pregnancy, iron-folic acid (IFA) supplements consumption, importance of ANC and increasing the number of visits, adequate weight-gain monitoring, and early initiation of and exclusive breastfeeding. This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather endline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions.
The overall study objective was to evaluate the feasibility of integrating locally relevant maternal nutrition interventions into ANC services provided by the government health system and their impact on diet quality and quantity and utilization of nutrition interventions during pregnancy. Research questions include:
1) What are the program impacts on maternal nutrition practices: (1) consumption of diversified foods and adequate intake of micronutrient, protein and energy compared to recommended intakes; (2) consumption of IFA supplements during pregnancy; and (3) early breastfeeding practices?
2) Can the coverage and utilization of key nutrition interventions (maternal nutrition counseling, weight gain monitoring, distribution of and counseling on IFA supplementation, and breastfeeding counseling) and number of ANC contacts be improved through health system strengthening and nutrition-focused social and behavior change communication (SBCC; interpersonal communication and community mobilization) approaches?
3) What factors influenced integration and strengthening of maternal nutrition interventions into the government ANC service delivery platform?
The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys at baseline and endline. The unit of randomization was the health and social promotion center (CSPS, Centre de Santé et de Promotion Social in French) catchment area. The endline survey was conducted in January-March 2021 by Agence de Formation de Recherche et d'Expertise en Santé pour l'Afrique (AFRICSanté), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The endline survey included the following: 1) Pregnant women questionnaire, 2) Recently delivered women questionnaire, 3) Husbands of recently delivered women questionnaire, 4) Nurse-midwife questionnaire, 5) Community health agents (agent de santé communautaire, ASBCs) questionnaire, 6) Health facility observation checklist, and 7) ANC observation and exit interview. The health facility observation checklists were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. Information was collected on condition of the facility infrastructure, service readiness, services provided by the facility, human resources, and ANC monitoring system.

Ghana Keta Groundwater Games for Resource Governance

The study intervention included playing an irrigation groundwater governance game with multiple rounds and treatments in each village: one game with 5 men players and one game with 5 women players. Player choices and group outcomes (including water withdrawals and availability) for each round of the game were recorded and uploaded to SurveyCTO. A pre- and post-game survey of individual players immediately before and immediately after the game was conducted to gather data on characteristics of the players, their households and farms including current irrigation practices, individual mental models regarding groundwater resources and their management, and perceptions about levels of trust and cooperation between community members. The games and surveys were conducted in 10 villages within 2 districts of the coastal Keta basin of Ghana (located in the Volta Region of Ghana).

Ethiopia Groundwater Games for Resource Governance

The study intervention included playing an irrigation groundwater governance game with multiple rounds and treatments in each village: one game with 5 men players and one game with 5 women players. Player choices and group outcomes (including water withdrawals and availability) for each round of the game were recorded and uploaded to SurveyCTO. A pre- and post-game survey of individual players immediately before and immediately after the game was conducted to gather data on characteristics of the players, their households and farms including current irrigation practices, individual mental models regarding groundwater resources and their management, and perceptions about levels of trust and cooperation between community members. The games and surveys were conducted in 15 treatment villages in the SNNP region of Ethiopia. Our sampling frame included 39 kebeles in 4 woredas, from which we drew a random proportional sample of kebeles from each woreda, resulting in 34 kebeles. We then randomly sorted the 34 kebeles into 17 treatment and 17 control kebeles. The last two kebeles in each group were reserved as replacements, and our main pilot sample consisted of 15 treatment and 15 control kebeles. The quantitative data is available for treatment communities only.

Pathways From Irrigation to Prosperity, Nutrition and Resilience in Mali

The dataset includes information gathered through a face-to-face cross-sectional survey of 1,072 households, of which 444 were irrigating households. The survey was conducted in the Mopti and Sikasso regions of Mali. The survey was a joint collaboration between the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), the Institut d'Economie Rurale (IER) of Mali, and Texas A&M University (TAMU) and was financially supported by USAID's Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (BHA) under the Feed the Future "Innovation Lab for Small-Scale Irrigation (ILSSI)." The collected data encompasses a wide range of topics, including household demographics, agricultural production, irrigation practices, water security, water access, sanitation, hygiene, access to rural services and infrastructure, market participation, and nutrition. With such a comprehensive dataset at hand, researchers can delve into analyzing various aspects of the surveyed regions, such as understanding household dynamics, exploring agricultural practices, and assessing the effects of irrigation in different facets of life.

Ghana Upper East Region Groundwater Games for Resource Governance

The study intervention included playing an irrigation groundwater governance game with multiple rounds and treatments in each village: one game with 5 men players and one game with 5 women players. Player choices and group outcomes (including water withdrawals and availability) for each round of the game were recorded and uploaded to SurveyCTO. A pre- and post-game survey of individual players immediately before and immediately after the game was conducted to gather data on characteristics of the players, their households and farms including current irrigation practices, individual mental models regarding groundwater resources and their management, and perceptions about levels of trust and cooperation between community members. The games and surveys were conducted in 15 treatment villages in 4 districts in the Upper East Region of Ghana. Our intervention sample consisted of 30 villages: 15 control and 15 treatment villages.

Malawi Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation (Africa RISING) Follow-up Survey

Malawi Africa RISING follow-up evaluation survey was implemented in 2019. The survey data were collected from the same households that were interviewed as part of the Malawi baseline evaluation survey. Please refer to "A user guide to Malawi Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation (Africa RISING) Baseline Evaluation Survey" data paper for details about survey coverage and design. The Malawi follow-up survey was implemented using structured questionnaires that were highly comparable with the questionnaires used in the Mali baseline evaluation survey.

Mali Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation (Africa RISING) Follow-up Survey

Mali Africa RISING follow-up evaluation survey was implemented in 2022. The survey data were collected from the same households that were interviewed as part of the Mali baseline evaluation survey. Please refer to "A user guide to Mali Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation (Africa RISING) Baseline Evaluation Survey" data paper for details about survey coverage and design. The Mali follow-up survey was implemented using structured questionnaires that were highly comparable with the questionnaires used in the Mali baseline evaluation survey.

Ghana Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation (Africa RISING) Follow-up Survey

Ghana Africa RISING follow-up evaluation survey was implemented in 2020. The survey data were collected from the same households that were interviewed as part of the Ghana baseline evaluation survey. Please refer to "A User Guide to Ghana Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation (Africa RISING) Baseline Evaluation Survey Data" data paper for details about survey coverage and design. The Ghana follow-up survey was implemented using structured questionnaires that were highly comparable with the questionnaires used in the Ghana baseline evaluation survey.

2019 Social Accounting Matrix for Sudan

The Nexus Project is a collaboration between IFPRI and its partners, including national statistical agencies and research institutions. Our aim is to improve the quality of social accounting matrices (SAMs) used for computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling. The Nexus Project develops toolkits and establishes common data standards, procedures, and classification systems for constructing and updating national SAMs. The 2019 Sudan SAM follows the Standard Nexus Structure. The open-access version of Sudan SAM separates domestic production into 77 activities producing 79 commodities. Factors are disaggregated into labor, agricultural land, and capital. Labor is further disaggregated across three education categories. Representative households are disaggregated by rural and urban areas and by per capita expenditure quintile. The remaining accounts include enterprises, government, taxes, savings-and-investment, and the rest of the world.

2019 Social Accounting Matrix for Sudan

The Nexus Project is a collaboration between IFPRI and its partners, including national statistical agencies and research institutions. Our aim is to improve the quality of social accounting matrices (SAMs) used for computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling. The Nexus Project develops toolkits and establishes common data standards, procedures, and classification systems for constructing and updating national SAMs. The 2019 Sudan SAM follows the Standard Nexus Structure. The open-access version of Sudan SAM separates domestic production into 77 activities producing 79 commodities. Factors are disaggregated into labor, agricultural land, and capital. Labor is further disaggregated across three education categories. Representative households are disaggregated by rural and urban areas and by per capita expenditure quintile. The remaining accounts include enterprises, government, taxes, savings-and-investment, and the rest of the world.

2021 Social Accounting Matrix for Kenya

The Nexus Project is a collaboration between IFPRI and its partners, including national statistical agencies and research institutions. Our aim is to improve the quality of social accounting matrices (SAMs) used for computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling. The Nexus Project develops toolkits and establishes common data standards, procedures, and classification systems for constructing and updating national SAMs. The 2021 Kenya SAM follows the Standard Nexus Structure. The open access version of the Kenya SAM separates domestic production into 42 activities. Factors are disaggregated into labor, land, and capital. Labor is further disaggregated across three education categories. Representative households are disaggregated by rural and urban areas and by per capita expenditure quintile. The remaining accounts include enterprises, government, taxes, savings-and-investment, and the rest of the word.

Food Security Simulator — Kenya

The Food Security Simulator is an innovative and easy to use, MS-Excel-based tool for assessing the potential short-term impacts of food price or household income shocks on food security and people’s diets. The Simulator is an ideal tool for first-cut forward-looking evaluations of direct, household-level outcomes of economic crises and policy responses in a timely manner. Key indicator results are summarized in concise overview tables and visualized in graphs. The underlying data include estimates from representative household survey data and rigorous, sophisticated food demand models to capture consumer behavior. The dataset is publicly available and can be downloaded from: https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/NS1A7V.

Strengthen PSNP4 Institutions and Resilience (SPIR), Ethiopia: Midline Survey

The Strengthen PSNP4 Institutions and Resilience (SPIR) Development Food Security Activity (DFSA) in Ethiopia was a five-year project (2016-2021) supporting the implementation of the fourth phase of the Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP4) as well as providing complementary livelihood, nutrition, gender, and climate resilience activities to strengthen the program and expand its impacts. IFPRI conducted an experimental, quantitative impact evaluation of SPIR designed to measure the causal impact of multisectoral “graduation model” packages of interventions for improving outcomes in several domains, including livelihoods, food security, child nutrition, women’s empowerment, mental health, and intimate partner violence (IPV). The impact evaluation used a clustered RCT design to learn about the effect of different combinations of the SPIR interventions on the well-being of PSNP4 households. These packages were combined into multisectoral graduation model programs and randomized at the kebele level into four treatment arms. The evaluation sample comprised of 192 kebeles and 15 woredas in the Amhara and Oromia regions. The baseline survey was conducted from March to May 2018, and 3,314 households were interviewed. The fieldwork for the midline survey took place between August and October of 2019, and a supplemental sample of 748 households was added to the original sample to have more children under the age of 2 years, putting the total sample interviewed at the midline to 3,968. The endline survey was conducted between February and April of 2021, and the final sample interviewed at the endline was 3,912 households. The survey instrument had three parts – household survey, female survey, and male survey, and was broadly similar across rounds, while some modules changed.